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| Preface | |
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| The Study of Human Diversity | |
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| Press Watch: Headline Anthropology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Fields of Anthropology | |
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| Biological Anthropology | |
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| Archaeology | |
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| Linguistic Anthropology | |
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| Cultural Anthropology | |
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| Applied Anthropology | |
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| Anthropology and Other Disciplines | |
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| Key Concepts in Anthropology | |
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| Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativity | |
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| Holism | |
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| Doing Anthropology: Find the Connections | |
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| Focus Culture: Finding the Connections in Contemporary Bali | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: The Goddess and the Computer | |
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| Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Cultural Interaction in A Passage to India | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions to Think About | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Understanding Culture | |
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| Press Watch: Headline Anthropology | |
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| Defining Culture | |
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| Culture Is Learned | |
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| Culture Is Shared | |
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| Focus Culture: Shared Malay Traditions and Local Variations | |
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| Culture Is Ideas | |
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| Culture Is Patterns of Behavior | |
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| Cultures Are Both Internally Consistent and Inconsistent | |
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| Culture, Society, and Ethnicity | |
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| Cultures and Subcultures: Operating on Different Levels | |
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| Doing Anthropology: Societies, Cultures, and Subcultures | |
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| Cultures Adapt and Change | |
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| The Concept of Race | |
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| Clinal Model of Variation | |
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| "Race" as a Sociocultural Construct | |
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| The Interaction of Biology and Culture | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: Latah: A Culture-Specific Elaboration of the Startle Reflex | |
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| Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Cultural Construction of Race in Rabbit-Proof Fence | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions to Think About | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Doing Anthropology: Fieldwork and Theories | |
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| Press Watch: Headline Anthropology | |
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| Doing Fieldwork | |
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| Learning the Language | |
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| Fieldwork Techniques | |
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| Fieldwork Settings | |
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| Focus Culture: Fieldwork among the Grand Valley Dani of Irian Jaya, Indonesia (West New Guinea) | |
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| Focus Culture: Complexities of Japanese Culture | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: Fieldwork in Neighborhood Tokyo | |
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| Quantitative versus Qualitative Research: To Count or Not to Count | |
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| Ethics in Anthropology | |
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| Writing an Ethnography | |
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| Reflexivity | |
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| Anthropological Theories: How We Account for Cultural Behavior | |
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| Basic Assumptions | |
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| Theory Families | |
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| Doing Anthropology: Recognizing the Theory | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: Fieldwork among the Grand Valley Dani: Dead Birds | |
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| Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Different Versions in Rashomon | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions to Think About | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading and Viewing | |
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| Meanings: Language, Symbols, and Art | |
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| Press Watch: Headline Anthropology | |
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| Language | |
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| Primitive Languages and Primitive Peoples | |
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| Elements of Language: Channels of Communication | |
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| Doing Anthropology: Full-Channel Shakespeare | |
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| Language, Culture, and Biology | |
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| Sociolinguistics: Language in Social Context | |
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| Symbols, Art, and Identity | |
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| Symbolic Structure in Narrative Art | |
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| Art and Identity | |
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| Art in Context versus Art on a Pedestal | |
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| Focus Culture: Art and Ceremony of the Kwa Kwaka' Wakw of the Northwest Coast | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: Art and Identity of the Kwa Kwaka' Wakw: Box of Treasures | |
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| Hollywood-Style Anthropology: The Cultural Translation of "Darmok" | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions to Think About | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading and Viewing | |
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| Psychology and Culture | |
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| Press Watch: Headline Anthropology | |
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| Culture, Personality, and the Self | |
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| Childhood | |
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| Margaret Mead and the Cultural Construction of Puberty and Gender | |
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| From "National Culture" to Cultural Themes | |
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| Focus Culture: Cultural Themes in Vietnam | |
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| Privacy and the Self | |
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| Learning Styles | |
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| The Cycle of Learning | |
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| Teaching and Learning Styles | |
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| Cognition | |
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| Cognitive Style and Intelligence | |
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| Doing Anthropology: A New Intelligence Test | |
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| Organization of Knowledge | |
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| Emotions | |
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| Cultural Display Rules | |
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| Translating Emotions into Words | |
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| Grief: Emotion and Culture | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: Cultural Themes in Vietnam: How to Behave (Chuyen Tu Te) | |
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| Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Individualism and Groupism in Mr. Baseball | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions to Think About | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Patterns of Production | |
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| Press Watch: Headline Anthropology | |
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| Cultural Adaptation and Production | |
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| Technology | |
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| What Does the Environment Determine? | |
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| The Division of Labor | |
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| Specialization: Mechanical and Organic Solidarity | |
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| Division of Labor by Age and Gender | |
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| Food Production Strategies | |
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| Foraging | |
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| Animal Husbandry and Pastoralism | |
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| Farming | |
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| Focus Culture: Horticulture of the Grand Valley Dani | |
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| Food Production Strategies in Industrial Societies | |
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| Doing Anthropology: Food Production Strategies in a Supermarket Culture | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: A Horticultural Strategy: Dani Sweet Potatoes | |
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| Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Family Farms in The Milagro Beanfield War | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions to Think About | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Distribution and Consumption | |
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| Press Watch: Headline Anthropology | |
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| Distribution: Mechanisms of Exchange | |
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| Generalized Reciprocity | |
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| Balanced and Negative Reciprocity | |
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| Redistribution | |
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| Focus Culture: The Redistributive Cargo System of the Zinacantan Mayans of Chiapas, Mexico | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: Appeals to Santiago | |
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| Market Exchange | |
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| Doing Anthropology: Your Own Transactions | |
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| Consumption-Food | |
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| Foods That Are Not Eaten | |
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| Eating Together: Social and Ritual | |
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| Foodways and Nutritional Anthropology | |
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| Doing Anthropology: Global Consumption | |
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| Hollywood-Style Anthropology: The Mystique of Food in Tampopo | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions to Think About | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Marriage and Family | |
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| Press Watch: Headline Anthropology | |
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| Definitions and Functions of Marriage | |
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| Forms of Marriage | |
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| Arranged Marriages versus Love Marriages | |
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| Doing Anthropology: Schemas of Love and Marriage | |
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| Monogamy versus Polygamy | |
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| Marriage as Exchange | |
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| Bride Wealth and Dowry | |
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| Bride Service Societies | |
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| Marriage Rules | |
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| Marrying Out (Exogamy) and Marrying In (Endogamy) | |
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| Incest Prohibitions | |
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| Cousin Marriages | |
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| Social Repairs: Preserving Lines of Descent | |
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| Social Repairs: Saving the Alliance | |
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| Focus Culture: Marriage and Family in India | |
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| Family and Household Forms | |
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| Postmarital Residence Patterns | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: A Joint Family in North India: Dadi's Family | |
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| Changing Family Forms in Western Cultures | |
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| Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Family Forms in My Big Fat Greek Wedding | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions to Think About | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Social Organization and Kinship | |
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| Press Watch: Headline Anthropology | |
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| Class as Category | |
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| Studying Class, Power, and Inequality | |
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| Descent Groups | |
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| Lineages, Clans, and Sibs | |
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| Phratries and Moieties | |
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| Patrilineal Descent | |
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| Focus Culture: Patrilineal Descent of the Nuer of the Upper Nile | |
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| Matrilineal Descent and the Minangkabau | |
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| Challenges to Unilineal Descent Systems | |
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| Non-Unilineal Descent | |
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| Kinship Terminology Systems | |
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| Diagramming the Kin Universe | |
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| Culture-Neutral Kinship Analysis | |
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| Using an Emic Approach | |
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| Non-Kin Groupings | |
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| Organization by Age | |
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| Voluntary Associations | |
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| Doing Anthropology: A Second Look at Your Social Groups | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: Social Organization and The Nuer | |
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| Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Social Organization in Whale Rider | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions to Think About | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Power and Politics | |
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| Press Watch: Headline Anthropology | |
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| Power | |
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| Big Men and Chiefs | |
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| The Political Organization of Societies | |
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| Power Differentials | |
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| Social Control | |
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| Studying the Laws of Others | |
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| Cultural Norms | |
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| Doing Anthropology: Backpacks on Campus | |
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| Transgressions | |
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| Conflict Resolution | |
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| Focus Culture: Adjudication in a Kpelle Village | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: The Cows of Dolo Ken Paye: Resolving Conflict among the Kpelle | |
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| Patterns and Causes of War | |
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| Causes of War | |
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| The Nature of War | |
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| The Nature of Peace | |
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| The End of War | |
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| Peace as a Social Condition | |
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| Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Slavery, Revolt, and Adjudication in Amistad | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions to Think About | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Facing the Supernatural: Magic, Religion, and Ritual | |
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| Press Watch: Headline Anthropology | |
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| Looking for the Roots of Religion | |
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| Magic, Science, and Religion | |
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| Doing Anthropology: Magic, Science, and Religion | |
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| The Anxiety Theory of Religion | |
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| Sympathetic Magic | |
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| Sacred Power | |
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| Soul Matter | |
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| Mana and Taboo | |
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| Totems | |
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| Human Mediators of Sacred Powers | |
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| Augury | |
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| Rituals | |
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| Rites of Passage | |
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| Rites of Intensification | |
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| World Religions and Local Practices | |
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| Focus Culture: Religion and Ritual in Egypt | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: El Sebou': Egyptian Birth Ritual | |
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| Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Tibetan Buddhism in The Cup (Phorpa) | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions to Think About | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| The Cultural Construction of Gender and Sexuality | |
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| Press Watch: Headline Anthropology | |
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| Differentiating Sexuality and Gender | |
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| How Many Genders? How Many Sexualities? The Puzzle of Homosexuality | |
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| The Role of Gender in Society | |
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| The Impact of the Feminist Perspective | |
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| Gender in Politics and Economics | |
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| Manifestations of Sexuality | |
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| Sexuality as Biological Procreation | |
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| Sexuality in Art | |
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| Sexuality in Attire | |
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| Doing Anthropology: Expressive Clothing | |
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| Gender-Specific Alterations of the Body | |
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| Genital Alterations | |
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| Exaggerations of Women's Bodies | |
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| Sexual Ethos | |
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| Sexually Permissive Cultures: Polynesia | |
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| Sexually Restrictive Cultures: Inis Beag | |
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| Sexually Indifferent Cultures: The Dani | |
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| Focus Culture: Gender and Sexuality of the Ju/'hoansi | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: Sexuality and Change in the Life of a Ju/'hoan Woman: N!ai: The Story of a !Kung Woman | |
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| Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Femininity and Football in Multicultural Britain: Bend It Like Beckham | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions to Think About | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading and Viewing | |
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| Culture Change | |
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| Press Watch: Headline Anthropology | |
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| Forces of Change | |
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| Change Due to Contact through Trade | |
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| Diffusion | |
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| Modernization | |
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| Innovation: The Internal Dynamics of Change | |
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| Change in Language | |
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| Doing Anthropology: Nailing Down Language Change | |
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| Focus Culture: The Changing Trobriand Islands | |
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| Revitalization Movements | |
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| Indigenous Rights in a Changing World | |
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| Rights to Resources: Land and Water | |
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| Intellectual Property Rights | |
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| Transnationalism | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: Trobriand Cricket: An Ingenious Response to Colonialism | |
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| Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Rediscovering Native American Cultural Identity in Smoke Signals | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions to Think About | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Medical Anthropology and the Future | |
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| Press Watch: Headline Anthropology | |
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| Medical Anthropology | |
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| Local Knowledge | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: Indigenous Interpretation and Treatment of Illness: The Medium Is the Masseuse: A Balinese Massage | |
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| Pain-Acute and Chronic | |
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| Menopause | |
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| Immigrant Health Care | |
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| Focus Culture: The Suffering and Pain of the Khmer | |
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| Seeing Anthropology: House of the Spirit: Perspectives on Cambodian Health Care | |
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| The Anthropology of HIV/AIDS | |
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| Doing Anthropology: Illness and Culture | |
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| Final Thoughts | |
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| Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Medical Anthropology and Medicine Man | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Questions to Think About | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Thinking about Ethnographic Films | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |