| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| To the Student | |
| |
| |
| About the Author | |
| |
| |
| |
| Biopsychology and Its Foundations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to Biopsychology: How Biopsychologists Think about Behavior | |
| |
| |
| The Case of Jimmie G., the Man Frozen in Time | |
| |
| |
| Four Major Themes of This Book | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is Biopsychology? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Human Evolution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fundamental Genetics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thinking about the Biology of Behavior: Mind-Brain and Nature-Nurture Issues | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Visual Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Anatomy of the Brain: The Systems, Structures, and Cells That Make Up Your Nervous System | |
| |
| |
| |
| General Layout of the Nervous System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cells of the Nervous System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neuroanatomical Techniques and Directions | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Spinal Cord | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Five Divisions of the Brain | |
| |
| |
| |
| Major Structures of the Brain | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Visual Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neural Activity and How to Study It: How Neurons Work | |
| |
| |
| The Lizard, a Case of Parkinson's Disease | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Neuron' s Resting Membrane Potential | |
| |
| |
| |
| Postsynaptic Potentials and Action Potentials | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conduction of Action Potentials | |
| |
| |
| |
| Synaptic Transmission: Chemical Transmission of Signals from One Neuron to Another | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Neurotransmitters | |
| |
| |
| |
| How Biopsychologists Study the Brain | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Visual Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sensory and Motor Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Visual System: How We See | |
| |
| |
| The Case of Mrs. Richards: Fortification Illusions and the Astronomer | |
| |
| |
| |
| Light Enters the Eye and Reaches the Retina | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Retina and Translation of Light into Neural Signals | |
| |
| |
| |
| From Retina to Primary Visual Cortex | |
| |
| |
| |
| Seeing Edges | |
| |
| |
| |
| Seeing Color | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cortical Mechanisms of Vision: Beyond Primary Visual Cortex | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Visual Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mechanisms of Perception: Hearing, Touch, Smell, Taste, and Attention: How You Know the World | |
| |
| |
| The Case of the Man Who Could See Only One Thing at a Time | |
| |
| |
| |
| Principles of Sensory System Organization | |
| |
| |
| |
| Auditory System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Somatosensory System: Touch and Pain | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Chemical Senses: Smell and Taste | |
| |
| |
| |
| Selective Attention | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Visual Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Sensorimotor System: How You Do What You Do | |
| |
| |
| The Case of Rhonda, the Dexterous Cashier | |
| |
| |
| |
| Three Principles of Sensorimotor Function | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sensorimotor Association Cortex | |
| |
| |
| |
| Secondary Motor Cortex | |
| |
| |
| |
| Primary Motor Cortex | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia | |
| |
| |
| |
| Descending Motor Pathways | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sensorimotor Spinal Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
| Central Sensorimotor Programs | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Visual Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Plasticity of the Brain | |
| |
| |
| |
| Development of the Nervous System: From Fertilized Egg to You | |
| |
| |
| The Case of Genie | |
| |
| |
| |
| Phases of Neurodevelopment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Postnatal Cerebral Development in Human Infants | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effects of Experience on the Early Development, Maintenance, and Reorganization of Neural Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neuroplasticity in Adults | |
| |
| |
| |
| Disorders of Neurodevelopment: Autism and Williams Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Visual Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity: Can the Brain Recover from Damage? | |
| |
| |
| The Ironic Case of Professor P. | |
| |
| |
| |
| Causes of Brain Damage | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neuropsychological Diseases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Animal Models of Human Neuropsychological Diseases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neuroplastic Responses to Nervous System Damage: Degeneration, Regeneration, Reorganization, and Recovery | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neuroplasticity and the Treatment of Nervous System Damage | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Visual Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Learning, Memory, and Amnesia: How Your Brain Stores Information | |
| |
| |
| |
| Amnesic Effects of Bilateral Medial Temporal Lobectomy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Amnesia of Korsakoff' s Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| |
| Amnesia of Alzheimer' s Disease | |
| |
| |
| |
| Amnesia after Concussion: Evidence for Consolidation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neuroanatomy of Object-Recognition Memory | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Hippocampus and Memory for Spatial Location | |
| |
| |
| |
| Where Are Memories Stored? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Synaptic Mechanisms of Learning and Memory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion: Infantile Amnesia and the Biopsychologist Who Remembered H.M. | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Visual Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Biopsychology of Motivation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hunger, Eating, and Health: Why Do Many People Eat Too Much? | |
| |
| |
| The Case of the Man Who Forgot Not to Eat | |
| |
| |
| |
| Digestion and Energy Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
| Theories of Hunger and Eating: Set Points versus Positive Incentives | |
| |
| |
| |
| Factors That Determine What, When, and How Much We Eat | |
| |
| |
| |
| Physiological Research on Hunger and Satiety | |
| |
| |
| |
| Body Weight Regulation: Set Points versus Settling Points | |
| |
| |
| |
| Human Obesity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Anorexia Nervosa | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Visual Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hormones and Sex: What' s Wrong with the Mamawawa? | |
| |
| |
| The Developmental and Activational Effects of Sex Hormones | |
| |
| |
| The Men-Are-Men-and-Women-Are-Women Assumption | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Neuroendocrine System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Hormones and Sexual Development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Three Cases of Exceptional Human Sexual Development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effects of Gonadal Hormones on Adults | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neural Mechanisms of Sexual Behavior | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sexual Orientation, Hormones, and the Brain | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Visual Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms: How Much Do You Need to Sleep? | |
| |
| |
| The Case of the Woman Who Wouldn't Sleep | |
| |
| |
| |
| Physiological and Behavioral Events of Sleep | |
| |
| |
| |
| REM Sleep and Dreaming | |
| |
| |
| |
| Why Do We Sleep, and Why Do We Sleep When We Do? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Comparative Analysis of Sleep | |
| |
| |
| |
| Circadian Sleep Cycles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effects of Sleep Deprivation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Four Areas of the Brain Involved in Sleep | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Circadian Clock: Neural and Molecular Mechanisms | |
| |
| |
| |
| Drugs That Affect Sleep | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sleep Disorders | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Effects of Long-Term Sleep Reduction | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Visual Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Biopsychology of Health | |
| |
| |
| |
| Health Psychology: Addiction, Emotion, and Stress: Impact of Psychological Factors on Health | |
| |
| |
| The Ironic Case of the Drugged High School Teachers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Principles of Drug Addiction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Effects on Health of Five Commonly Abused Drugs | |
| |
| |
| |
| Addiction and the Neural Mechanisms of Motivation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to the Biopsychology of Emotion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Stress and Health | |
| |
| |
| |
| Brain Mechanisms of Emotion | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Visual Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lateralization, Language, and the Split Brain: The Left Brain and the Right Brain of Language | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cerebral Lateralization of Function: Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Split Brain | |
| |
| |
| |
| Differences between the Left and Right Hemispheres | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cortical Localization of Language: The Wernicke-Geschwind Model | |
| |
| |
| |
| Evaluation of the Wernicke-Geschwind Model | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Cognitive Neuroscience Approach to Language | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Cognitive Neuroscience Approach and Dyslexia | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Visual Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Behavioral Neuroscience of Psychiatric Disorders: The Brain Unhinged | |
| |
| |
| |
| Schizophrenia | |
| |
| |
| |
| Affective Disorders: Depression and Mania | |
| |
| |
| |
| Anxiety Disorders | |
| |
| |
| |
| Tourette Syndrome | |
| |
| |
| |
| Clinical Trials: Development of New Psychotherapeutic Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Key Terms | |
| |
| |
| Visual Summary | |
| |
| |
| Epilogue | |
| |
| |
| Appendixes | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Autonomic Nervous System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Some Functions of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Activation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Cranial Nerves | |
| |
| |
| |
| Functions of the Cranial Nerves | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nuclei of the Thalamus | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nuclei of the Hypothalamus | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Credits | |
| |
| |
| Name Index | |
| |
| |
| Subject Index | |