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| Preface | |
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| Neurological and Anatomical Bases | |
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| The Importance of Understanding the Neurological and Anatomical Bases of Motor Function | |
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| Neural Development and Control | |
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| Neural Development of Speech Motor Control | |
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| Neural Control for Speech versus Nonspeech Tasks | |
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| Infant Reflexes and Responses | |
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| Speech Motor Planning: The Cortex of the Brain | |
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| Motor Speech Execution: The Pyramidal System | |
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| Damage to the Upper Motor Neurons | |
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| Damage to the Lower Motor Neurons | |
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| Damage to Both the Upper and the Lower Motor Neurons | |
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| Disease of the Neuromuscular Junction | |
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| Disease of Muscles (Myopathy) | |
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| Motor Speech Coordination: The Cerebellum | |
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| Motor Speech Modulation: The Extrapyramidal System | |
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| Hyperkinetic Dysarthrias | |
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| Hypokinetic Dysarthrias | |
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| Cranial Nerves | |
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| Anatomical Development of the Oropharyngeal-Laryngeal Mechanisms | |
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| Structures Involved in Eating, Drinking, and Speech Production | |
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| Jaw and Facial Muscles | |
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| Temporomandibular Joints (TMJ) | |
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| Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | |
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| Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | |
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| Tongue Shape, Vocal Tract Shape, and Palatal Contact for Speech Production | |
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| Syndromes That Can Affect Oral Motor Function | |
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| Case Examples | |
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| Carolyn | |
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| Eddie | |
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| Interactive Case Experiences | |
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| Drew | |
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| Amber | |
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| Physiologic Considerations | |
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| The Relationship between Stability and Mobility | |
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| Muscle Tone | |
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| Interactive Experience | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Movement | |
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| Sensory Systems | |
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| The Vestibular System | |
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| The Tactile System | |
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| The Proprioceptive System | |
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| The Olfactory System | |
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| The Gustatory System | |
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| The Auditory System | |
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| The Visual System | |
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| The Relevance of Sensory Integration to Oral Motor Assessment and Treatment | |
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| Case Examples | |
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| Carolyn | |
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| Eddie | |
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| Interactive Case Experiences | |
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| Jerry | |
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| Sara | |
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| Challenges and Treatment Considerations | |
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| Challenges Impacting Oral Motor Function | |
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| Oral Structural Concerns | |
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| Difficulties with Graded Jaw Movement | |
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| Difficulties with Oral Movements during Eating and Drinking | |
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| Difficulties with Imitative Oral Movements | |
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| Difficulties with Oral Movements during Speech Production | |
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| Limiting Oral Motor Patterns | |
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| Interactive Experience: Limiting Patterns | |
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| Discussion of Sample | |
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| Interactive Experience: Posture, Texture, Patterns, and Feeding | |
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| Interactive Case Experiences | |
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| Ben | |
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| Mary | |
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| Treatment Considerations | |
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| Critical Learning Periods | |
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| Learning, Fun, and Rest | |
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| The Connection between Oral Sensory Input and Attention | |
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| The Use of Music during Treatment | |
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| Interactive Experience: Response to Music Types | |
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| Movement and Positioning | |
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| Interactive Experience: Use of Visual Skills | |
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| Inhibition and Facilitation | |
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| Interactive Experience: Inhibition and Facilitation | |
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| Use of Information from Other Treatment Areas in Oral Motor Treatment | |
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| The Oral Motor Team | |
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| Universal Precautions | |
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| Typical Oral Motor Treatment Session | |
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| Interactive Case Experiences | |
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| George | |
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| Jenny | |
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| Birth to Age 2: A Critical Learning Period for Oral Motor Development | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Case History | |
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| Assessment Tools | |
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| Interactive Experience: Normal Development | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Treatment of Infants Born Prematurely | |
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| Treatment Specifics | |
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| Whole-Body Massage and Movement Activities | |
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| Oral Massage and Other Facilitation Techniques | |
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| Oral Sensory Exploration | |
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| Feeding/Eating/Drinking Activities | |
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| Sound Play and Early Speech Production Activities | |
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| Treatment Sources | |
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| Interactive Case Experiences | |
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| Corey | |
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| Jeremy | |
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| Ages 2 to 4: A Time to Refine Oral Motor Development | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Components of an Oral Motor Evaluation | |
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| Assessment of the Body and Mouth | |
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| Assessment of Eating and Drinking | |
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| Assessment of Oral Motor Tasks | |
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| Assessment of Speech Production | |
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| Assessment of Motor Planning | |
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| Additional Tools for the Assessment of Dyspraxia in Children | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Gross Motor Activities | |
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| Oral Massage and Other Facilitation Techniques | |
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| Oral Motor Activities | |
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| Interactive Experience: Oral Motor Activities | |
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| Eating and Drinking Activities | |
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| Specific Speech and Language Activities with Cueing Strategies | |
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| Case Example | |
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| Description | |
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| Treatment Plan | |
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| Recommendations | |
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| Interactive Case Experience | |
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| Ages 4 to 6: Working with Preschool-Aged Children | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Special Treatment Considerations | |
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| Gross Motor Activities/Exercise Program/Ball Massage | |
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| Oral Massage and Other Facilitation Techniques | |
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| Oral Motor Activities/Exercises | |
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| Interactive Experience: Oral Motor Activities and Exercises | |
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| Specific Speech Activities with Cueing Strategies | |
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| Articulation and Language Therapy | |
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| Case Example | |
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| Description | |
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| Treatment Plan | |
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| Recommendations | |
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| Interactive Case Experience | |
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| Ages 6 to 12: Working with School-Aged Children | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Gross Motor Activities / Exercise Program / Ball Massage | |
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| Oral Massage and Other Facilitation Techniques | |
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| Oral Motor Activities / Exercises | |
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| Interactive Experience: The Complex Nature of Oral Motor Tasks | |
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| Interactive Experience: Oral Motor Activities and Exercises | |
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| Specific Speech Activities with Cueing Strategies | |
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| Articulation and Language Therapy | |
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| Case Example | |
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| Description | |
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| Treatment Plan | |
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| Recommendations | |
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| Interactive Case Experience | |
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| Age 13 and Beyond: Working with Adolescents and Adults | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Flaccid Dysarthria | |
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| Spastic Dysarthria | |
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| Ataxic Dysarthria | |
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| Hypokinetic Dysarthria | |
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| Hyperkinetic Dysarthria | |
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| Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron Dysarthria | |
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| Mixed Dysarthria | |
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| Dyspraxia of Speech | |
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| Treatment of Adolescents | |
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| Gross Motor Activities / Exercise Program / Physical Therapy | |
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| Oral Massage and Other Facilitation Techniques | |
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| Oral Motor Exercises / Activities | |
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| Interactive Experience: Oral Motor Exercises and Activities | |
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| Remediation of Factors Affecting Intelligibility | |
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| Articulation and Language Therapy | |
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| Treatment of Adults | |
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| Gross Motor Activities / Exercise Program / Physical Therapy | |
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| Oral Massage and Other Facilitation Techniques | |
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| Swallowing Therapy | |
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| Oral Motor Exercises / Activities | |
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| Interactive Experience: Oral Motor Exercises and Activities | |
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| Remediation of Factors Affecting Intelligibility | |
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| Language Therapy | |
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| Treatment of Adults Dependent on Others for Care | |
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| Interactive Case Experiences | |
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| Report Writing | |
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| Common Challenges Encountered in Report Writing | |
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| Full Diagnostic Report Format | |
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| SOAP Note Format | |
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| Case Example: Mr. J. | |
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| Goal Writing | |
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| Goal Menu | |
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| Treatment Notes | |
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| Case Example: Mr. S. | |
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| Assessment Tool Reference List | |
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| If in Doubt--Do Not Massage | |
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| Moto-Kinesthetic Cueing | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |