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| Preface | |
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| Conceptual Formulations and Perspectives on Ethnic-Sensitive Practice | |
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| We, the People of the United States | |
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| The Experience of Newcomers | |
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| 1821 to 1930 | |
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| 1931 to 1960 | |
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| 1961 to 1980 | |
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| The 1980s | |
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| The 1990s | |
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| Becoming a U.S. Citizen | |
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| Intermarriage and the New Ethnicity | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| The Ethnic Reality | |
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| Ethnic Stratification | |
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| Major Perspectives on the Role of Ethnicity in American Life | |
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| Definition of Terms: Definitional Issues | |
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| Culture | |
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| Ethnic Groups and Ethnicity as Concepts | |
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| What Do Members of Ethnic Groups Prefer to Be Called? | |
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| "Race" | |
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| Use of the Terms "Whites" and "Blacks" | |
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| "Whites" | |
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| "Blacks" | |
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| Oppressed Ethnic Groups | |
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| People of Color | |
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| "Middleman" Minority Groups | |
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| Assimilationism and the Melting Pot | |
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| Ethnic Conflict Theory | |
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| Ethnic Pluralism | |
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| The Sense of Ethnicity | |
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| The Development and Maintenance of Ethnic Identity | |
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| Language | |
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| Rituals and Celebrations | |
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| Ethnic Schools and Parochial Schools | |
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| Primary Groups | |
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| The Migration Experience | |
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| Social Stratification, Social Class, and Inequality | |
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| Social Inequality | |
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| Social Class | |
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| Indicators of Social Class | |
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| Social Class Distribution: Income, Poverty, Education | |
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| Poverty Data for 1996 | |
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| Class and Rank | |
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| Life in the Various Social Classes | |
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| The Working Class | |
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| The Middle Class | |
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| The Underclass | |
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| The Ethnic Reality | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Ethnicity and the Life Course | |
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| The Life Course Concept | |
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| Various Conceptions about the Life Cycle | |
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| Entry | |
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| Childhood | |
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| The Vagaries of Childhood | |
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| Adolescence | |
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| Emerging Adulthood | |
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| The Search for a Mate | |
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| Emerging Men and Women | |
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| Adulthood | |
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| Child Rearing | |
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| Friends | |
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| Later Adulthood | |
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| Old Age | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| The Layers of Understanding | |
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| Blending Knowledge, Values, and Skills | |
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| Social Work Values | |
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| Basic Knowledge of Human Behavior | |
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| Individual and Family Life Course Considerations | |
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| Social Role Theory | |
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| Social Systems Theory | |
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| Sociological Theory | |
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| Psychological Theories | |
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| Domain Specific Theories | |
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| Knowledge and Skill in Agency Policy and Services Influence Professional Practice | |
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| Self-Awareness, Including Insight into the Impact of One's Own Ethnicity | |
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| Dual Ethnic Background | |
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| The Impact of the Ethnic Reality | |
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| An Understanding That the Route to the Social Worker Has an Impact on How Social Services Are Perceived and Delivered | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Approaches to Social Work Practice and the Ethnic Reality | |
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| The Psychosocial Approach | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Assumptions and the Ethnic Reality | |
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| The Problem-Solving Approaches | |
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| The Problem-Solving Framework--Assumptions | |
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| Assumptions and the Ethnic Reality | |
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| Task-Centered System | |
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| Assumptions and the Ethnic Reality | |
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| The Social Provision and Structural Approaches | |
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| The Structural Approach | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Assumptions and the Ethnic Reality | |
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| The Systems Approach | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Assumptions and the Ethnic Reality | |
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| Ecological Perspectives | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Assumptions and the Ethnic Reality | |
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| The Generalist Perspective | |
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| The Empowerment and Strengths Perspectives | |
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| The Empowerment Approach | |
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| Strengths Perspectives | |
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| Assumptions and the Ethnic Reality | |
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| Approaches Focused on Cultural Awareness and Minority Issues | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| A Model of Help-Seeking Behavior | |
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| Ethnic Competence | |
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| Congruence of the Model with Prevailing Approaches to Social Work Practice | |
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| The Model as a Guide for Practice | |
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| The Process-Stage Approach | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Assumptions and Principles for Ethnic-Sensitive Practice | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Past History Has a Bearing on Problem Generation and Solution | |
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| Group History | |
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| Individual History and Group Identity | |
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| The Present Is Most Important | |
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| The Ethnic Reality as a Source of Cohesion, Identity, and Strength and as a Source of Strain, Discordance, and Strife | |
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| The Family | |
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| Rituals and Celebrations | |
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| Ethnic Schools and Parochial Schools | |
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| Language | |
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| Language--the Sounds of Discord | |
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| Nonconscious Phenomena Affect Functioning | |
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| Practice Principles | |
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| Simultaneous Attention to Micro and Macro Issues | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Ethnic-Sensitive Practice | |
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| Ethnic-Sensitive Generalist Practice | |
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| The Generalist Perspective | |
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| Ethnic-Sensitive Generalist Practice | |
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| The Layers of Understanding | |
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| Social Work Values | |
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| Basic Knowledge of Human Behavior | |
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| Knowledge and Skill in Agency Policy and Service Influence Professional Practice | |
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| Self-Awareness, Including Insight into One's Own Ethnicity | |
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| The Impact of the Ethnic Reality on the Daily Life of the Client | |
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| An Understanding of the Impact of the Route to the Social Worker | |
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| The Adaptation of Strategies and Procedures for Ethnic-Sensitive Generalist Practice | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Adapting Strategies and Procedures for Ethnic-Sensitive Practice: Direct Practice | |
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| The Layers of Understanding | |
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| Intervention and the Layers of Understanding | |
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| Work to Be Done before Meeting with Clients | |
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| Basic Knowledge Acquisition | |
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| Understanding Your Community and Your Organization | |
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| Work before Meeting with Any Particular Client | |
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| Intervention | |
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| Problem Identification and Assessment | |
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| Stage Setting: Privacy, Creating Comfortable Spaces Accommodating to the Setting | |
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| "Tuning In" | |
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| Attending Generically | |
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| Adaptation to the Ethnic Reality | |
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| Contracting: Some Preliminary Considerations | |
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| Working on the Problem | |
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| Social Group Work | |
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| The Layers of Understanding | |
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| Starting the Group | |
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| The Work Phase | |
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| Termination | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Ethnic-Sensitive Macro Practice | |
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| Defining Macro Practice | |
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| The Layers of Understanding | |
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| Social Work Values | |
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| Basic Knowledge of Human Behavior | |
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| Knowledge and Skill in Agency Policy and Services Influence Professional Practice | |
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| Self-Awareness and Insight into One's Own Ethnicity | |
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| The Impact of the Ethnic Reality on the Daily Life of the Community | |
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| An Understanding That the Route to the Social Worker Has an Impact on How Social Services Are Perceived and Delivered | |
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| The Adaptation of Strategies and Procedures for Ethnic-Sensitive Macro Practice | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Ethnic-Sensitive Practice with Refugees and New Immigrants | |
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| Korean Immigration | |
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| The Acculturation Experience | |
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| The Layers of Understanding | |
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| Social Work Values | |
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| Basic Knowledge of Human Behavior | |
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| Knowledge and Skill in Immigration Policy and Services Service | |
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| Self-Awareness, Including Insights into One's Own Ethnicity | |
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| The Impact of the Ethnic Reality on the Lives of the New Immigrants and Refugees | |
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| An Understanding That the Route to the Social Worker Has an Impact on How Social Services Are Perceived and Delivered | |
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| The Adaptation of Strategies and Procedures for Ethnic-Sensitive Practice with New Immigrants and Refugees | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Ethnic-Sensitive Practice with Families | |
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| The Family Life Course | |
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| Defining the Family | |
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| Defining the Family Life Course | |
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| The Layers of Understanding | |
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| Social Work Values | |
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| Basic Knowledge of Human Behavior | |
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| The Impact of the Ethnic Reality on the Daily Life of Families | |
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| Knowledge and Skill in Agency Policy and Services Influence Professional Practice | |
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| Self-Awareness, Including Insight into One's Own Ethnicity and an Understanding of How That May Influence Professional Practice | |
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| An Understanding That the Route to the Social Worker Has an Impact on How Social Services Are Perceived | |
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| The Adaptation of Strategies and Procedures for Ethnic-Sensitive Practice | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Ethnic-Sensitive Practice in the Public Sector: From AFDC to TANF | |
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| The Layers of Understanding | |
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| Social Work Values | |
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| Basic Knowledge of Human Behavior | |
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| Knowledge and Skill in Agency Policy and Service Influence Professional Practice | |
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| Self-Awareness, Including Insight into the Impact of the Ethnic Reality on Professional Practice | |
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| The Impact of the Ethnic Reality on Daily Life in the Public Sector | |
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| An Understanding That the Route to the Social Worker Has an Impact on How Social Services Are Perceived and Delivered | |
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| The Adaptation of Strategies and Procedures for Ethnic-Sensitive Practice in the Public Sector | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Ethnic-Sensitive Practice in Health Care | |
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| The Layers of Understanding | |
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| Social Work Values | |
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| Self-Awareness, Including Insight into One's Own Ethnicity and an Understanding of How That May Influence Professional Practice | |
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| The Health Problems before Us: Theories, Concepts, Issues | |
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| Health Policies, Organization, and Financing | |
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| Managed Care | |
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| Health and Illness Behavior | |
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| The Ethnic Reality | |
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| The Route to the Social Worker | |
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| Intervention | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Community Profile | |
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| Guide for Making an Ethnic Assessment | |
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| Index | |