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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Author's Note | |
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| Map | |
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| Historical Legacies | |
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| Schools of Thought | |
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| Who was Confucius? | |
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| What were Confucius's core ideas? | |
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| What was his political vision? | |
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| How important was history to Confucius? | |
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| Has Confucius always been venerated in China? | |
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| Was Confucius celebrated in his own times? | |
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| When did the ideas of Confucius gain influence? | |
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| How was Confucius viewed a century ago? | |
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| Is Confucianism a religion? | |
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| How did Confucius fare after 1949? | |
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| Why is Confucius back in favor? | |
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| How exactly has the regime used Confucius in recent years? | |
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| Did Confucianism hinder imperial China's economic development? | |
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| Does China have an indigenous "democratic" tradition? | |
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| What Is the Chinese term for democracy and what exactly does it mean? | |
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| Imperial China | |
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| What were the main early dynasties? | |
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| How did dynasties rule? | |
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| What was the "dynastic cycle?" | |
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| What were the political implications of this cyclical view? | |
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| Were all dynasties the same? | |
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| How did dynasties interact with foreign counties? | |
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| What was the Opium War? | |
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| What impact did the Opium War have? | |
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| Why did the Qing Dynasty fall? | |
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| What internal developments weakened the Qing? | |
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| What was the significance of peasant rebellions? | |
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| What was the Taiping Uprising? | |
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| Why was the 1894-1895 Sino-Japanese War so important? | |
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| What was the Boxer Rebellion? | |
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| How has this crisis been misunderstood? | |
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| How does the reputation of the crisis differ in China? | |
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| Why does this difference in views of the Boxers matter? | |
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| How did Qing rule finally end? | |
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| Is the Chinese Communist Party anew dynasty? | |
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| Revolutions and Revolutionaries | |
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| Who was Sun Yat-sen? | |
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| What happened to Sun after he became president? | |
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| What was the "Warlord era"? | |
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| What was the May 4th movement? | |
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| Who was the most important radical writer of the May 4th era? | |
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| How does the Communist Party view the May 4th era? | |
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| Why was the example of the Russian Revolution so important? | |
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| What was the First United Front? | |
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| Why was the May 30th movement important? | |
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| What was the Northern Expedition? | |
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| Who was Chiang Kai-shek? | |
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| What was the Long March? | |
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| What was the Rape of Nanjing? | |
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| How did the Communists beat the Nationalists? | |
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| What role have mass campaigns played in the People's Republic of China? | |
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| What was the Resist America, Support Korea campaign? | |
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| What was the Hundred Flowers campaign? | |
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| What happened during the Anti-Rightist campaign? | |
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| How did women fare during the first decade of the PRC? | |
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| What sort of people were Mao and his main allies? | |
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| How were Mao's writings viewed? | |
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| What was the Great Leap Forward? | |
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| What was the Cultural Revolution? | |
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| What was the Gang of Four? | |
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| Why hasn't Mao been repudiated by China's current leaders? | |
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| What is the alternative to viewing Mad as a monster? | |
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| Is Mao seen in China as someone who made errors? | |
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| How do ordinary Chinese feel about Mao? | |
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| The Present and the Future | |
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| From Mao to Now | |
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| Who was Deng Xiaoping? | |
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| Who were Deng's successors? | |
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| What exactly did Deng do? | |
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| How is Deng viewed now? | |
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| What was the Democracy Wall movement? | |
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| What is the real story of the Tiananmen Uprising? | |
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| Why hasn't the Chinese government changed its line on Tiananmen? | |
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| What effect did the fall of other Communist governments have on China? | |
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| How did China's rulers avoid falling prey to the "Leninist extinction"? | |
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| How has the government responded to protests since 1989? | |
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| Why and how has the CCP suppressed the Falun Gong movement? | |
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| Who are the Chinese dissidents now? | |
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| Who is Liu Xiaobo? | |
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| What is the role of the Internet in political dissent? | |
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| What does the digital divide mean in China? | |
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| Is the Great Firewall of China a unique structure? | |
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| Why were the 2008 Olympics such a big deal for China? | |
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| What does the handling of the Beijing Games say about today's China? | |
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| Will grand spectacles continue to be important to China? | |
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| What is the "One-Child Family" policy? | |
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| Was female infanticide encouraged to help limit population size? | |
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| Is contemporary China utterly unique? | |
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| What does China have in common with other counties? | |
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| US-China Misunderstandings | |
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| What is the most common thing Americans get wrong about China? | |
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| Why is China's diversity overlooked? | |
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| How does ethnicity come into the picture? | |
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| How important are regional divides? | |
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| How important are age divides in China? | |
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| Is China still truly an atheist state? | |
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| Is China a Big Brother state? | |
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| What is the biggest source of Chinese misunderstanding of the United States? | |
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| How do US and Chinese views on Tibet differ? | |
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| The Future | |
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| Is China bent on world domination? | |
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| How likely is a war with Taiwan? | |
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| Will China become the world's dominant economic power? | |
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| Will China, long thought of as a land of villages, soon be a land of cities? | |
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| Is China likely to become a democracy? | |
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| How will the Hu Jintao era be remembered? | |
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| How powerful is Chinese nationalism? | |
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| What kind of government will China have in a decade? | |
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| What big challenges lie ahead for the CCP? | |
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| What big issues relating to the environment and energy does China face? | |
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| Why are corruption and credibility concerns for the CCP? | |
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| How can the United States and China adjust to an era in which they are the two superpowers? | |
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| What other kinds of things do China and the United States have in common? | |
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| Is this an argument for Americans to refrain from all criticism of China? | |
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| Notes | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Index | |