| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prisons: Then and Now | |
| |
| |
| The Purpose and Functions of Prisons | |
| |
| |
| The Philadelphia and Auburn Models | |
| |
| |
| 1900-1950s | |
| |
| |
| 1960-1980S | |
| |
| |
| New Expectations | |
| |
| |
| Racial Politics | |
| |
| |
| Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Young Offenders | |
| |
| |
| The Death of the Rehabilitative Era | |
| |
| |
| 1980-Today | |
| |
| |
| Prisons and Politics | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Explaining Incarceration | |
| |
| |
| The Rise of Imprisonment | |
| |
| |
| The United States Compared to the World | |
| |
| |
| Comparing States' Rates of Incarceration | |
| |
| |
| Incarceration and Race/Ethnicity | |
| |
| |
| Explaining the Increase | |
| |
| |
| Crime | |
| |
| |
| Sentencing Changes | |
| |
| |
| Increased "Punitiveness" | |
| |
| |
| Increased Parole Revocations | |
| |
| |
| The "War on Drugs" | |
| |
| |
| The Deinstitutionalizaton of the Mentally Ill | |
| |
| |
| The Privatization of Prisons | |
| |
| |
| Reversing the Trend | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| The New Bastille | |
| |
| |
| The Number and Types of Prisons | |
| |
| |
| Federal and State Systems | |
| |
| |
| State Prisons | |
| |
| |
| Overcrowding | |
| |
| |
| The Super-Max | |
| |
| |
| Private Prisons | |
| |
| |
| Proponents and Opponents of Privatization | |
| |
| |
| Corrections Corporation of America and GEO Group | |
| |
| |
| Evaluations of Private Prisons | |
| |
| |
| Interstate Transfer | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prisoners | |
| |
| |
| The Demographics of Prisoners | |
| |
| |
| Race | |
| |
| |
| Age | |
| |
| |
| Medical/Physical Characteristics | |
| |
| |
| Education and Employment Histories | |
| |
| |
| Family | |
| |
| |
| Prisoners: Yesterday and Today | |
| |
| |
| Special Populations | |
| |
| |
| Mentally Ill | |
| |
| |
| Mentally Handicapped | |
| |
| |
| Drug Dependent Offenders | |
| |
| |
| Classification | |
| |
| |
| Medical Services | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rehabilitation Revisited | |
| |
| |
| The Legacy of the Rehabilitative Era | |
| |
| |
| What Is Treatment? | |
| |
| |
| Recreation | |
| |
| |
| Education, Vocational Training, and Industry | |
| |
| |
| Education | |
| |
| |
| Vocational Training and Industry | |
| |
| |
| Drug Treatment | |
| |
| |
| Evaluating Drug Treatment | |
| |
| |
| Rehabilitative Programs and the Will to Change | |
| |
| |
| Evaluations | |
| |
| |
| The Will to Change | |
| |
| |
| Evidence-based Corrections | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Living in Prison | |
| |
| |
| Prisoner Subculture Research | |
| |
| |
| Elements of the Subculture | |
| |
| |
| Prison Argot | |
| |
| |
| Inmate Code | |
| |
| |
| The Black Market | |
| |
| |
| Race and Gangs | |
| |
| |
| Prison Violence | |
| |
| |
| Correlates of Violence | |
| |
| |
| Economic Violence | |
| |
| |
| Sexual Violence | |
| |
| |
| Riots and Collective Violence | |
| |
| |
| Changes in Prison Violence | |
| |
| |
| Coping in the Prison World | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prisons for Women | |
| |
| |
| Increasing Numbers | |
| |
| |
| History of Women's Prisons | |
| |
| |
| Gendered Pathways and Gendered Programming | |
| |
| |
| Pathways Research | |
| |
| |
| Victimization | |
| |
| |
| Drugs | |
| |
| |
| Importance of Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Pathways and Classification | |
| |
| |
| Gender-specific Programing | |
| |
| |
| Living in Prison | |
| |
| |
| Violence | |
| |
| |
| Sexual Relationships and Sexual Violence | |
| |
| |
| Sexual Victimization by Staff Members | |
| |
| |
| Mothers in Prison | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prisoners' Rights | |
| |
| |
| Causes of Action and Sources of Rights | |
| |
| |
| The First Amendment | |
| |
| |
| Freedom of Religion | |
| |
| |
| Freedom of Speech and Press | |
| |
| |
| Rights of Association | |
| |
| |
| The Fourth Amendment | |
| |
| |
| The Eighth Amendment | |
| |
| |
| Medical Care and Rehabilitation | |
| |
| |
| Excessive Use of Force/Other Punishments | |
| |
| |
| Totality of Circumstances | |
| |
| |
| The Fourteenth Amendment | |
| |
| |
| Access to Courts | |
| |
| |
| Disciplinary Proceedings | |
| |
| |
| Other Deprivations | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Correctional Staff and Administration | |
| |
| |
| Correctional Officers | |
| |
| |
| The Changing Role of the Guard | |
| |
| |
| Correctional Officers Today | |
| |
| |
| "Structured Conflict" | |
| |
| |
| The Officer Subculture | |
| |
| |
| Stress | |
| |
| |
| The Human Service Officer | |
| |
| |
| Violence | |
| |
| |
| Managing the Prison | |
| |
| |
| Unionization | |
| |
| |
| Civil Service and Workforce Diversity | |
| |
| |
| Cross-Sex Supervision and Sexual Misconduct | |
| |
| |
| Corruption and Unethical Practices | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Release, Reentry, and the Future of Prisons | |
| |
| |
| Reentry and Recidivism | |
| |
| |
| Parole | |
| |
| |
| Civil Liberties | |
| |
| |
| Barriers to Success | |
| |
| |
| Envisioning the Perfect Prison | |
| |
| |
| The Importance of Justice | |
| |
| |
| Cutting Back on Prison | |
| |
| |
| The Prison Industrial Complex | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Table of Cases | |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| Index | |