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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| List of Plates | |
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| List of Figures | |
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| List of Map and Tables | |
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| Abbreviations of Library and Archive Locations | |
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| Other Abbreviations | |
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| The 'Radical Enlightenment' | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Radical Thought in the Early Enlightenment | |
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| The 'Crisis of the European Mind' | |
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| Government and Philosophy | |
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| The Advent of Cartesianism | |
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| Cartesianism in Central Europe | |
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| The New Philosophy conquers Scandinavia and the Baltic | |
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| France: Philosophy and Royal Absolutism | |
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| Reaction in the Italian States | |
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| Society, Institutions, Revolution | |
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| Philosophy and the Social Hierarchy | |
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| Shaftesbury, Radicati, Vauvenargues | |
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| The Revolutionary Impulse | |
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| Women, Philosophy, and Sexuality | |
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| The Emancipation of Women | |
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| Conversational Freedom; Sexual Freedom | |
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| Censorship and Culture | |
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| French Royal Censorship | |
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| Philosophy and Censorship in Central Europe | |
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| Philosophy and Censorship in Southern Europe | |
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| Freedom of Thought, Expression, and of the Press | |
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| Libraries and Enlightenment | |
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| The Universal Library | |
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| The Crisis of the Universities | |
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| Shelving the Two Enlightenments | |
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| Lexicons and Dictionnaires | |
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| The Early Enlightenment in National Context | |
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| The Learned Journals | |
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| Changing Europe's Intellectual Culture | |
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| The Journals and the Radical Enlightenment | |
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| The Rise of Philosophical Radicalism | |
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| Spinoza | |
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| Van den Enden: Philosophy, Democracy, and Egalitarianism | |
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| Democratic Republicanism | |
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| Revolutionary Conspiracy | |
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| Radicalism and the People: The Brothers Koerbagh | |
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| The Theologian-Philosopher, Johannes Koerbagh (1634-1672) | |
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| The Bloemhof | |
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| The Trial of the Brothers Koerbagh | |
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| Philosophy, the Interpreter of Scripture | |
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| Lodewijk Meyer (1629-1681) | |
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| The Philosophia | |
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| The Wolzogen Disputes | |
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| The 'New Religion' of Philosophy | |
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| The Philosophia in England | |
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| German and Scandinavian Reverberations | |
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| Miracles Denied | |
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| Spinoza's System | |
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| Spinoza, Science, and the Scientists | |
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| Radical Thought and the Scientific Revolution | |
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| Spinoza and Huygens | |
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| Spinoza versus Boyle | |
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| Philosophy, Politics, and the Liberation of Man | |
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| In Search of 'Freedom' | |
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| Monarchy Overturned | |
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| Spinoza, Locke, and the Enlightenment Struggle for Toleration | |
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| Equality and the Quest for 'Natural Man' | |
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| Publishing a Banned Philosophy | |
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| The Tractatus Theologico-Politicus | |
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| The Battle of the Ethics | |
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| The Spread of a Forbidden Movement | |
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| The Death of a Philosopher | |
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| Lucas, Saint-Glain, and The Hague Coterie | |
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| The Rise of Dutch Spinozism | |
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| Philopater | |
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| Dutch Radicalism at the Beginning of the Eighteenth Century | |
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| Europe and the 'New' Intellectual Controversies (1680-1720) | |
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| Bayle and the 'Virtuous Atheist' | |
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| The Bredenburg Disputes | |
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| Fontenelle and the War of the Oracles | |
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| The Death of the Devil | |
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| From Van Dale to Bekker | |
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| The Public Furore | |
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| Churches Divided | |
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| The European Diffusion | |
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| Leenhof and the 'Universal Philosophical Religion' | |
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| Frederik van Leenhof (1647-1713) | |
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| Heaven on Earth | |
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| The Politics of Philosophy | |
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| The Leenhof Controversy in the Netherlands, Germany, and the Baltic | |
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| The 'Nature of God' Controversy (1710-1720) | |
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| The Intellectual Counter-Offensive | |
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| New Theological Strategies | |
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| Theology and the Revolution in Bible Criticism | |
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| Physico-Theology | |
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| Le Clerc, Limborch, and Locke | |
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| From the 'Rationalization' to the 'Irrationalization' of Religion | |
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| The Collapse of Cartesianism | |
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| Empiricism | |
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| Deadlock in France | |
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| Regis and the Failure of French Cartesianism | |
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| Leibniz and the Radical Enlightenment | |
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| Early Encounters | |
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| Leibniz, Steno, and the Radical Challenge (1676-1680) | |
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| Leibniz and the 'War of Philosophies' | |
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| Anglomania: The 'Triumph' of Newton and Locke | |
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| Europe Embraces English Ideas | |
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| Locke, Newtonianism, and Enlightenment | |
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| The Intellectual Drama in Spain and Portugal | |
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| Germany and the Baltic: the 'War of the Philosophers' | |
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| Deepening Philosophical Crisis | |
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| The Wolffian Controversies (1723-1740) | |
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| Wolff and the Rise of German Deism | |
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| Wolffianism versus Newtonianism in the Baltic | |
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| The Clandestine Progress of the Radical Enlightenment (1680-1750) | |
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| Boulainvilliers and the Rise of French Deism | |
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| French Refugee Deists in Exile | |
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| The Flight to Holland | |
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| Gueudeville and Lahontan | |
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| Antagonist of Voltaire: Saint-Hyacinthe (1684-1746) | |
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| The Marquis d'Argens (1703-1771) | |
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| The Spinozistic Novel in French | |
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| English Deism and Europe | |
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| The Deist Challenge | |
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| John Toland (1670-1722) | |
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| Anthony Collins (1676-1729) | |
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| Matthew Tindal (c.1657-1733) | |
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| Bernard Mandeville (1670-1733) | |
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| Germany: The Radical Aufklarung | |
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| Initial Reaction | |
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| Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus (1651-1708) | |
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| Friedrich Wilhelm Stosch (1648-1704) | |
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| Spinoza and Cabbala: Wachter and Spaeth | |
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| Theodor Ludwig Lau (1670-1740) | |
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| Schmidt and the Maturing of German Spinozism | |
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| Johann Christian Edelmann (1698-1767) | |
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| The Radical Impact in Italy | |
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| Giambattista Vico (1668-1744) | |
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| Paolo Mattia Doria (1662-1746) | |
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| Pietro Giannone (1676-1748) | |
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| Radical Thought in Venice | |
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| The Clandestine Philosophical Manuscripts | |
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| Categories | |
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| L'Esprit de Spinosa | |
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| Despotism, Islam, and the Politicization of Superstition | |
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| From La Mettrie to Diderot | |
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| Materialism | |
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| Diderot | |
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| Epilogue: Rousseau, Radicalism, Revolution | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |