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| Map | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sixteenth-Century Philosophy | |
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| Humanism and Reform | |
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| Sin, Grace, and Freedom | |
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| Authority and Conscience | |
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| The Decline of Logic | |
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| Scepticism, Sacred and Profane | |
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| Counter-Reformation Philosophy | |
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| Giordano Bruno | |
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| Galileo | |
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| Bacon | |
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| Descartes to Berkeley | |
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| Descartes | |
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| Hobbes | |
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| The Cambridge Platonists | |
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| Locke | |
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| Pascal | |
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| Malebranche | |
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| Spinoza | |
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| Leibniz | |
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| Berkeley | |
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| Hume to Hegel | |
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| Hume | |
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| Smith and Reid | |
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| The Enlightenment | |
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| Rousseau | |
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| Wolff and Lessing | |
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| Kant | |
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| Fichte and Schelling | |
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| Hegel | |
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| Knowledge | |
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| Montaigne's Scepticism | |
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| Descartes' Response | |
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| Cartesian Consciousness | |
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| The Empiricism of Hobbes | |
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| Locke's Ideas | |
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| Spinoza on Degrees of Knowledge | |
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| The Epistemology of Leibniz | |
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| Berkeley on Qualities and Ideas | |
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| Hume on Ideas and Impressions | |
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| Kant's Synthetic a priori | |
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| Realism vs Idealism | |
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| Idealist Epistemology | |
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| Physics | |
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| Natural Philosophy | |
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| Cartesian Physics | |
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| The Atomism of Gassendi | |
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| Newton | |
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| The Labyrinth of the Continuum | |
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| Kant's Antinomies | |
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| Metaphysics | |
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| The Metaphysics of Suarez | |
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| Descartes on Eternal Truths | |
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| Three Notions of Substance | |
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| Single Necessary Substance | |
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| Making Room for Contingency | |
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| Berkeley's Idealism | |
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| Hume on Causation | |
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| The Response of Kant | |
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| Mind and Soul | |
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| Descartes on Mind | |
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| Dualism and its Discontents | |
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| Determinism, Freedom, and Compatibilism | |
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| Locke on Personal Identity | |
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| The Soul as the Idea of the Body in Spinoza | |
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| Leibniz's Monadology | |
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| Berkeley and Hume on Spirits and Selves | |
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| Kant's Anatomy of the Mind | |
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| Ethics | |
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| Casuistry | |
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| Mysticism and Stoicism | |
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| Pascal against the Jesuits | |
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| Spinoza's Ethical System | |
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| Hume on Reason, Passion, and Virtue | |
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| Kant on Morality, Duty, and Law | |
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| Hegel's Ethical Synthesis | |
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| Political Philosophy | |
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| Machiavelli's Prince | |
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| More's Utopia | |
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| Just and Unjust Wars | |
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| Hobbes on Chaos and Sovereignty | |
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| Spinoza's Political Determinism | |
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| Locke on Civil Government | |
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| Montesquieu on Law | |
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| Rousseau and the General Will | |
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| Hegel on the Nation-State | |
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| God | |
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| Molina on Omniscience and Freedom | |
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| Descartes' Rational Theology | |
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| Pascal and Spinoza on God | |
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| The Optimism of Leibniz | |
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| The God of Berkeley | |
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| Hume on Religion | |
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| Kant's Theological Dialectic | |
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| The Absolute of Hegel | |
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| Chronology | |
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| List of Abbreviations and Conventions | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| List of Illustrations | |
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| Index | |