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A Word to Instructors | |
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A Word to Students | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Before Philosophy: Myth in Hesiod and Homer | |
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Hesiod: War among the Gods | |
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Homer: Heroes, Gods, and Excellence | |
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Philosophy Before Socrates | |
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Thales: The One as Water | |
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Anaximander: The One as the Boundless | |
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Xenophanes: The Gods as Fictions | |
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Sketches: Pythagoras | |
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Heraclitus: Oneness in the Logos | |
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Profile: The Tao | |
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Parmenides: Only the One | |
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Zeno: The Paradoxes of Common Sense | |
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Atomism: The One and the Many Reconciled | |
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The Key: An Ambiguity | |
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The World | |
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The Soul | |
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How to Live | |
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Socrates and the Sophists | |
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Rhetoric, Relativism, and the Search for Truth | |
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The Sophists | |
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Rhetoric | |
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Relativism | |
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Physis and Nomos | |
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Athens and Sparta at War | |
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Socrates | |
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Character | |
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Is Socrates a Sophist? | |
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What Socrates Knows | |
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The Trial and Death of Socrates | |
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Euthyphro | |
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Apology | |
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Translator's Introduction | |
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The Dialogue | |
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Commentary and Questions | |
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Crito's Visit | |
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Socrates' Death | |
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Plato: Knowing the Real and the Good | |
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Knowledge and Opinion | |
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Making the Distinction | |
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We Do Know Certain Truths | |
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The Objects of Knowledge | |
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The Reality of the Forms | |
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The World and the Forms | |
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How Forms are Related to the World | |
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Lower and Higher Forms | |
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The Form of the Good | |
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The Love of Wisdom | |
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The Soul | |
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The Immortality of the Soul | |
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The Structure of the Soul | |
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Morality | |
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The State | |
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Problems with the Forms | |
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Aristotle | |
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The Reality of the World | |
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Aristotle and Plato | |
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Otherworldliness | |
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The Objects of Knowledge | |
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Human Nature | |
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Relativism and Skepticism | |
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Ethics | |
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Logic and Knowledge | |
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Terms and Statements | |
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Truth | |
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Reasons Why: The Syllogism | |
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Knowing First Principles | |
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The World | |
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Nature | |
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The Four Becauses | |
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Is There Purpose in Nature? | |
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Teleology | |
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First Philosophy | |
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Substance and Form | |
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Pure Actualities | |
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God | |
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The Soul | |
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Levels of Soul | |
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Soul and Body | |
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Nous | |
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The Good Life | |
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Happiness | |
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Virtue or Excellence (Arete) | |
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The Role of Reason | |
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Responsibility | |
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The Highest Good | |
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Interlude 1: The Skeptics | |
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Interlude 2: The Christians | |
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Background | |
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Jesus | |
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The Meaning of Jesus | |
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Augustine | |
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God and the Soul | |
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Wisdom, Happiness, and God | |
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God and the World | |
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The Great Chain of Being | |
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Evil | |
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Time | |
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Human Nature and Its Corruption | |
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Human Nature and Its Restoration | |
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The Two Cities | |
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Christians and Philosophers | |
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Reason and Authority | |
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Intellect and Will | |
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Anselm and Aquinas | |
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Arguing for the Existence of God | |
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Anselm: On That Than Which No Greater Can Be Conceived | |
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Thomas Aquinas: Rethinking Aristotle | |
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Philosophy and Theology | |
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Sketches: Avicenna (Ibn Sina) | |
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Existence and Essence | |
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Sketches: Averroes (Ibn Rushd) | |
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From Creation to God | |
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Sketches: Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon) | |
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Interlude 3: Moving From Medieval to Modern | |
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The World God Made for Us | |
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The Humanists | |
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Reforming the Church | |
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Skeptical Thoughts Revived | |
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C | |