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| Preface | |
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| Introduction: Does Islamic Law Exist? | |
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| Where is the Islamic law? | |
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| The methods for studying Islamic law | |
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| The Theory of the Law | |
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| From Practice to Method | |
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| Law or tradition | |
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| Al-Shafi'i | |
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| The Koran and Sunna as Sources | |
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| Four sources or three levels | |
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| The Koran | |
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| Hadith | |
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| Contradictions between Koran and hadith | |
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| Elaborating the Sources: Qiyas and Ijtihad | |
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| Ijtihad | |
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| Qiyas | |
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| 'Illa | |
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| How did the qiyas methodology arise? | |
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| Istihsan: to ignore a qiyas rule | |
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| The 'illa and hukm become the rule | |
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| Getting Social Sanction: Ijma' and Authorization | |
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| Ijma' | |
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| How is ijma' established? | |
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| Ijma' and the revealed Texts | |
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| Shafi'i's model | |
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| The Application of the Law | |
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| The Four Schools of Law | |
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| Putting the law in writing | |
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| The schools | |
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| Four consensuses | |
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| What the dates mean | |
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| Law Beyond the Four Schools | |
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| 'Proto-Sunni' currents | |
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| Ibadism | |
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| Shi'ism | |
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| The principles of Shi'i law | |
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| The Court and the Law: the Muftis and Legal Development | |
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| Fatwas | |
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| The mufti, the state and the courts | |
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| The process of ifta' | |
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| From ijtihad to fatwa | |
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| Taqlid and the rules of the school | |
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| Manuals and supplementary works | |
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| Other sources for legal practice | |
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| The Court and its Judge: the Role of the Qadi | |
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| Competence and organization | |
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| Standard procedure | |
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| Practices of the court | |
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| The History of the Law | |
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| The Court and the State | |
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| Non-Shari'a courts: Mazalim and shurta | |
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| Hisba and the muhtasib | |
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| Shari'a and siyasa courts | |
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| Law and Courts in the Ottoman Empire | |
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| Kanun and Shari'a | |
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| The qadis | |
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| The muftis and the seyhul-islam | |
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| Ottoman law in the provinces: Tunisia | |
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| Islamic Law in the Modern Period | |
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| Changes after 1800 | |
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| From kanun to national laws | |
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| Reforms in the Ottoman empire | |
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| Egypt | |
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| Algeria | |
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| Africa: Islamic law in British colonies | |
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| Traditional states in a modern world | |
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| Implementing the Shari'a' | |
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| Islamism | |
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| Shari'a in practice today: Saudi Arabia | |
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| Iran | |
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| Sudan | |
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| Shari'a through siyasa | |
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| Some Areas of the Law | |
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| Criminal Law | |
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| The field of the law | |
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| Hudud | |
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| Murder and blood money | |
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| Apostasy | |
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| Methods of punishment | |
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| Family Law | |
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| Marriage | |
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| Divorce | |
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| Children | |
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| Inheritance | |
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| Modern adaptations | |
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| Economy, taxes and property | |
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| Islamic banking | |
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| Taxes | |
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| Waqf | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |