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| Overview | |
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| Instrument Design and Selection | |
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| Performance Characteristics | |
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| Functional Model | |
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| Sources of Error | |
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| Standards | |
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| Calibration | |
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| Performance | |
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| Exposure | |
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| Procedural | |
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| System Integration | |
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| Instrument Platforms | |
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| Communication Systems | |
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| Power Source | |
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| Human Aspects of Measurement | |
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| Human Perception versus Sensor Measurements | |
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| Reasons for Automation | |
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| Design, Implementation, and Maintenance of Measurement Systems | |
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| Interpretation of Sensor Specifications | |
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| Interpretation of Results | |
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| Human Judgment | |
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| Quality Assurance | |
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| Laboratory Calibrations | |
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| Field Intercomparisons | |
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| Data Monitoring | |
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| Documentation | |
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| Independent Review | |
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| Publication of Data Quality Assessment | |
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| Scope of this Text | |
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| Questions | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| General Instrumentation References | |
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| Barometry | |
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| Atmospheric Pressure | |
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| Direct Measurement of Pressure | |
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| Mercury Barometers | |
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| Aneroid Barometers | |
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| Indirect Measurement of Pressure | |
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| Boiling Point of a Liquid | |
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| Comparison of Barometer Types | |
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| Mercury Barometers | |
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| Aneroid Barometers | |
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| Hypsometer | |
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| Exposure Error | |
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| Laboratory Experiment | |
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| Calibration of Barometers | |
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| Questions | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Static Performance Characteristics | |
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| Some Definitions | |
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| Static Calibration | |
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| Definition of Terms Related to the Transfer Plot | |
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| Calibration Procedure | |
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| Example of a Static Calibration | |
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| Multiple Sources of Error | |
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| Significant Figures | |
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| Questions and Problems | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Thermometry | |
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| Thermal Expansion | |
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| Bimetallic Strip | |
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| Liquid-in-Glass Thermometer | |
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| Thermoelectric Sensors | |
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| Electrical Resistance Sensors | |
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| Resistance Temperature Detectors | |
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| Thermistors | |
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| Comparison of Temperature Sensors | |
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| Exposure of Temperature Sensors | |
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| Questions | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Notes | |
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| Hygrometry | |
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| Water Vapor Pressure | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Methods for Measuring Humidity | |
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| Removal of Water Vapor from Moist Air | |
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| Addition of Water Vapor to Air | |
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| Equilibrium Sorption of Water Vapor | |
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| Measurement of Physical Properties of Moist Air | |
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| Attainment of Vapor-Liquid or Vapor-Solid Equilibrium | |
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| Chemical Reactions | |
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| Choice of Humidity Sensor | |
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| Calibration of Humidity Sensors | |
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| Exposure of Humidity Sensors | |
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| Questions | |
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| Laboratory Exercises | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Notes | |
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| Dynamic Performance Characteristics, Part 1 | |
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| First-Order Systems | |
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| Step-Function Input | |
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| Ramp Input | |
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| Sinusoidal Input | |
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| Experimental Determination of Dynamic Performance Parameters | |
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| Application to Temperature Sensors | |
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| Questions | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Anemometry | |
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| Methods of Measurement | |
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| Wind Force | |
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| Heat Dissipation | |
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| Speed of Sound | |
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| Calibration | |
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| Exposure | |
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| Wind Data Processing | |
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| Questions | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Dynamic Performance Characteristics, Part 2 | |
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| Generalized Dynamic Performance Models | |
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| Energy Storage Reservoirs | |
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| Second-Order Systems | |
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| Step Function Input | |
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| Ramp Input | |
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| Sinusoidal Input | |
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| Application to Sensors | |
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| Experimental Determination of Dynamic Performance Parameters | |
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| Questions | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Precipitation Rate | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Methods of Measurement | |
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| Point Precipitation Measurement | |
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| Radar Rain Measurement | |
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| Questions | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Solar and Earth Radiation | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Methods of Measurement | |
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| Pyrheliometers | |
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| Pyranometers | |
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| Pyrgeometers | |
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| Pyrradiometers | |
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| Measurement Errors | |
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| Exposure | |
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| Questions | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Visibility and Cloud Height | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Measurement of Visibility | |
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| Transmissometer | |
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| Forward Scatter Meters | |
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| Measurement of Cloud Height | |
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| Rotating Beam Ceilometer | |
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| Laser Ceilometer | |
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| Questions | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Upper Air Measurements | |
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| Methods for Making Upper Air Measurements | |
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| Remote Sensing | |
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| In-Situ Platforms | |
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| Balloons | |
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| Wind Measurement | |
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| Theodolites | |
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| Radar | |
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| Navigation Aids | |
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| Radiosondes | |
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| Exposure Error | |
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| Questions | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Sampling and Analog-to-Digital Conversion | |
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| Signal Path | |
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| Drift | |
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| Sampling | |
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| Analog-to-Digital Conversion | |
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| Information Content of a Signal | |
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| Questions | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Units and Constants | |
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| International System of Units (SI) | |
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| Numerical Values | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Thermistor Circuit Analysis | |
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| A Thermistor | |
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| A Circuit | |
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| An Alternative Calibration Equation | |
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| A Data Logger | |
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| The Data Logger | |
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| Application in a Measurement System | |
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| Circuits | |
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| Fundamentals | |
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| Simple Circuits | |
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| Questions | |
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| Geophysical Coordinate System | |
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| Geophysical versus Mathematical Coordinate System | |
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| Mathematical Coordinates | |
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| Geophysical Coordinates | |
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| Instrumentation Glossary | |
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| Index | |