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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Women in Early Modern Europe | |
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| The Italian Renaissance | |
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| The Renaissance Lady: The Ideal and Two Examplars | |
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| Baldesar Castiglione (1478-1529) | |
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| The Renaissance Lady from The Book of the Courtier | |
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| Isabella d'Este (1474-1539):Model Renaissance Lady | |
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| Isabella to Cardinal Luigi d'Aragona, 13 January 1519 | |
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| Lorenzo da Pavia to Isabella, 26 July 1501 | |
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| Sofonisba Anguissola (1532-1625): Renaissance Artist | |
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| Letter from Sofonisba Anguissola to Pope Pius IV, 16 September 1561 | |
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| Letter from Pope Pius IV to Anguissola, from Rome, 15 October 1561 | |
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| Document Establishing Sofonisba's Dowry, Issued by Philip II | |
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| Women Humanists and Poets | |
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| Laura Cereta (1469-1499): Humanist | |
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| Excerpts from Letter to Bibulus Sempronius, 13 January 1488 | |
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| Vittoria Colonna (1492-1547): Poet | |
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| "Aspiration" | |
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| Gaspara Stampa (1523?-1554): Poet | |
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| "She Dictates Her Own Epitaph" | |
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| Veronica Franco (1546-1591): Poet | |
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| A Warning to a Mother Considering Turning Her Daughter into a Courtesan | |
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| From Noble Amateurs to Professional Performers:Women in Theater and Music | |
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| The Revival of Italian Drama: Theater at Court and Popular Theater | |
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| Isabella Andreini (1562-1604) and the Commedia dell'Arte | |
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| Letter to Duke Vicenzo di Gonzaga of Mantua, from Bologna, 27 November 1598 | |
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| The Emergence of Professional Female Musicians | |
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| Urbani Dispatch to Grand Duke Francesco I de' Medici, 26 June 1581 | |
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| Alessandro Striggio to Grand Duke Francesco I de' Medici, 29 July 1584 | |
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| Theater and Music in Italian Convents | |
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| Antonia Pulci (1452-1501) | |
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| The Play of Saint (Flavia) Domitilla | |
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| Convent Music | |
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| The Choir of Convent San Vito, 1594 | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| The Age of Religious Ferment | |
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| Women in the Protestant Reformation | |
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| Martin Luther (1483-1546) | |
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| Lecture on "Genesis" | |
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| John Calvin (1509-1564) | |
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| Excerpt from The Institutes | |
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| Argula von Grumbach (1492-ca.1568) | |
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| Letter to Frederick the Wise | |
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| Katherina Sch�tz Zell (1498-1562) | |
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| Autobiographical Notes on Her Calling | |
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| Elizabeth I, Rex (r.1558-1603) | |
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| Jeanne d'Albret (1528-1572) | |
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| Letter to Cardinal de Armagnac | |
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| English Female Martyr Elizabeth Young | |
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| Inquisition Examinations of Elizabeth Young | |
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| Women in the Catholic Reformation | |
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| Teresa of Avila (1515-1582) | |
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| "The Circumstances Surrounding the Foundation of the Monastery of St. Joseph in Medina del Campo" | |
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| Maria Cazalla | |
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| On the Inquisition | |
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| Jews and the English Reformation | |
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| Sara Lopez (1550-159?) | |
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| A Petition to Elizabeth I | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| The Northern Renaissance | |
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| Women Writers of France | |
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| Marguerite of Navarre (1492-1549) 49 | |
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| "First Day. Novel VII" of The Heptameron, Vol. I | |
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| Louise Lab� (ca.1520-1566) | |
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| Lab�'s Sonnets | |
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| Dedicatory Epistle to Mademoiselle Cl�mence de Bourges, 25 July 1555 | |
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| Women in Renaissance England | |
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| Elizabeth I of England (1553-1603) | |
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| "The Doubt of Future Foes," circa 1577 | |
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| Elizabeth's Response to Parliament's Petition that She Marry, 10 February, 1559 | |
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| The Queen's Speech to her Army on the Eve of the Spanish Invasion, 1558 | |
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| Women and Renaissance Drama | |
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| Elizabeth Tanfield Cary (1585-1639): Playwright | |
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| The Tragedy of Mariam, The Fair Queen of Jewry, 1613 | |
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| The Woman Question in England | |
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| Jane Anger, her Protection for Women (1589) | |
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| Mary Tattlewell and Joan Hit-him-home, "The women's sharp revenge" (1640) | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Artists,Musicians, and Performers in the Baroque Era | |
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| Women and Culture in Italy | |
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| Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-ca1653): Baroque Artist | |
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| Letters to Don Antonio Ruffo, 1649 | |
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| Women and Music: A Cluster of Female Creativity | |
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| Francesca Caccini (1587-ca1630):Medici Composer and Singer | |
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| "Maria, dolce Maria" from Il Primo Libro | |
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| Angelo Grillo, Letter to Francesca Caccini, 1612, from Venice | |
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| Caccini to Michelangelo Buonarroti, 18 December 1614, from Florence | |
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| Barbara Strozzi (1619-1664?): Venetian Composer and Singer | |
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| Strozzi's Dedications | |
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| "Merce di voi" (Thanks to You) | |
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| Venetian Ospedali-Conservatorios: The First Music Schools for Girls | |
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| Burney's Description of the Venetian Conservatories, August 1770 | |
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| Convent Musicians and Church Restrictions | |
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| Council of Trent Decree Regulating Female Religious, 20 November 165 | |
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| Punishments Ordered by Carlo Borromeo, 30 March 1571 | |
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| Orders for the "Destruction of Vices and Maintenance of Virtue" at the Convent of Maria Annunciata,Milan, 1622 | |
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| Account of Cosimo III de' Medici's Visit to Santa Radegonda, 25 June 1664 | |
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| Women and Cultural Change during the Reigns of Louis XIV and Louis XV | |
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| Elizabeth Jacquet De La Guerre (1664/67-1729):Musician | |
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| Description of Elisabeth Jacquet from the Mercure Galant, July 1677 | |
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| Dedication of "Les Jeux � l'honneur de la victoire" to Louis XIV, 1691 | |
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| Dedication of "Pieces for the Harpsichord and Sonatas for the Violin and for the Harpsichord," 1707 | |
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| Women on Stage: Ballet | |
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| Marie Camargo's Paris Debut, 1726 | |
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| Camargo's Innovations | |
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| Marie Sall� in "Pygmalion," 1734 | |
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| Rosalba Carriera (1675-1757): Rococo Portrait Artist | |
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| "Concerning Feminine Studies" | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Writers and Intellectuals in the Baroque Era | |
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| Learned Women from Continental Europe and the Americas | |
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| Anna Maria van Schurman (1607-1678): Learned Woman and Pietist Leader | |
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| Whether the Study of Letters Is Fitting for a Christian Woman (1641) | |
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| Eukleria (1673) | |
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| Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672): First English Poet of the New World | |
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| "The Prologue" | |
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| "Before the Birth of One of My Children" | |
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| Sor Juana In�s De La Cruz (1648-1695): The New World's First Major Writer | |
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| The Answer/La Respuesta (1691) | |
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| England's "Female Wits" | |
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| Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle (1623-1674) | |
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| Excerpts from Bell in Campo | |
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| Aphra Behn (1640-1689) | |
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| "Francisca's Song" from The Dutch Lover (1673) | |
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| "Preface" to The Luckey Chance, or an Alderman's Bargain (1686) | |
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| Anne Kingsmill Finch, Countess of Winchilsea (1661-1720) | |
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| "The Introduction" | |
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| "The Unequal Fetters" | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Women and Culture, 1750-1920 | |
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| Age of the Enlightenment and Revolutions | |
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| Artists in the Eighteenth Century | |
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| Angelica Kauffmann (1741-1807): Swiss Neo-Classical Artist | |
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| Abb� Winckelmann to Mr. Franck, 16 July 1764 | |
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| A Critic's View of "Hector and Andromache," the Painting that Ensured Kauffmann's Admission to the British Royal Academy | |
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| Goethe's Reflections on Kauffmann, Summer 1788 | |
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| Anna Amalia to Angelica from Naples, 7th of September, 1789 | |
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| Elisabeth Vig�e-Lebrun on Kauffmann and Her Work | |
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| Elisabeth Vig�e-Lebrun (1755-1842): French Portrait Artist | |
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| Excerpts from Vig�e-Lebrun's Memoirs, "Souvenirs" | |
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| The Enlightenment, Revolutions, and Women | |
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| Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778): French Philosopher | |
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| The Education ofWoman from Em�le, 1762 | |
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| Judith Sargent Murray (1751-1820): American Poet, Essayist, and Playwright | |
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| "Desultory Thoughts" by Constantia, October 22, 1784 | |
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| "On the Equality of the Sexes" | |
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| Olympe de Gouges (1748-1793): French Writer and Royalist | |
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| The Rights ofWoman, Paris, 1791 | |
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| Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797): English Author and Feminist | |
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| A Vindication of the Rights ofWoman (1792) | |
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| Germaine de Sta�;l (1766-1817): French Writer | |
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| Corinna; or, Italy (1807) | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| The Victorian Ideal:Writers and Musicians | |
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| Literary Women | |
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| Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin Shelley (1797-1851): British Writer | |
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| Frankenstein; Or, the Modern Prometheus (1818) | |
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| Charlotte Bront�; (Currer Bell) (1816-1855): British Novelist | |
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| Excerpts from Shirley: A Tale | |
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| George Sand (1804-1876): French Novelist | |
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| Excerpt from My Life, Sand's Autobiography | |
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| Excerpt from Indiana | |
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| Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911): American Poet and Novelist | |
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| "Aunt Chloe's Politics" | |
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| "An Appeal to My Country Women" | |
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| Women and Music | |
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| Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel (1805-1847): German Musician | |
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| Excerpts from Mendelssohn Family Letters and Journals | |
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| Letter from Fanny to Felix, Berlin, 9 July 1846 | |
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| Felix Gives His Blessings to Fanny | |
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| Clara Schumann (1819-1896): German Composer and Concert Pianist | |
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| Clara and Robert Schumann: Dual-Career Couple | |
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| Clara's Thoughts about Music and Her Talent | |
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| Coping with Robert's Mental Illness | |
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| Celebrating Her Career as a Concert Pianist, 1878 | |
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| Women Musicians: Seizing Control of Their Artistic Lives | |
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| "The Vienna Lady Orchestra," New York Times, 13 September 1871 | |
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| A Late Nineteenth Century Debate: Can Women Become Composers? | |
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| George Upton, Why Women are Incapable of Being Composers | |
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| Helen J. Clarke, "Why Has It Been Difficult for Women to Compose?" | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| The Victorian Ideal: The Performing and Visual Arts | |
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| Women on Stage | |
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| Marie Taglioni (1804-1884), Italian Prima Ballerina | |
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| Times (London) 3 June 1840: Review of La Gitana | |
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| Times (London) 14 July 1845: Review of the Pas de Quatre | |
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| Charlotte Cushman (1816-1876): American Actress | |
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| English Critic James Sheridan Knowles's Review of Cushman's Romeo | |
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| Cushman on George Sand | |
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| Fundraising for the U. S. Sanitary Commission during the Civil War | |
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| Cushman's Farewell New York Performance, Macbeth, 1874 | |
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| Sculptors and Artists | |
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| Harriet Hosmer (1830-1908): American Neoclassical Sculptor | |
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| Hosmer to Wayman Crow, 12 October 1854 | |
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| Lydia Maria Child, Letter to the Boston Transcript about Hosmer's Zenobia | |
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| Hosmer's Philosophy of Art | |
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| Edmonia Lewis (1843?-ca.1911): American Sculptor | |
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| "A Negro Sculptress," Rome, February 1866 | |
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| The Revolution on Edmonia Lewis | |
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| Her Cleopatra | |
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| Rosa Bonheur (1822-1899): French Animal Artist | |
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| Her Early Years and Discovery of Art | |
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| Excerpts from Bonheur's (Auto)biography | |
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| Mary Cassatt (1844-1926): American Impressionist | |
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| Mary Cassatt to Clarence Gihon, 13 September 1905 | |
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| Mary Cassatt to Colonel Paine, 28 February 1915 | |
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| Mary Cassatt to Louisine Havemeyer, 5 July 1915 | |
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| Mary Cassatt to Bertha Palmer, 11 October 1892 | |
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| Women at the Chicago World's Fair, 1893 | |
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| Women's Congresses at Chicago World's Fair, 1893 | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Challenging Orthodoxy:Women and Religion in America | |
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| Women Founders and Leaders | |
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| Mother Ann Lee (1736-1784): Founder of the Shakers | |
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| Shaker Eunice Goodrich Shares a Recollection of Mother Ann Lee, 1816 | |
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| Anna White (1831-1910): Shaker Eldress and Reformer | |
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| Shakerism. Its Meaning and Message (1904) | |
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| Phoebe Worrall Palmer (1807-1874): Holiness Leader | |
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| Promise of the Father (1859) | |
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| Ellen Gould Harmon White (1827-1915): Seventh-Day Adventist Founder and Prophetess | |
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| White's Vision of the Sabbath | |
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| Mary Baker Edy (1821-1910): Founder, Church of Christ, Scientist | |
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| Science and Health, with Key to the Scriptures | |
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| The Struggle for Autonomy, Authority, and Inclusion | |
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| Jarena Lee (1783-18?): African Methodist-Episcopal Visionary and Preacher | |
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| Religious Experiences of Jarena Lee | |
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| Women in the Black Baptist Church | |
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| Virginia Broughton (185?-190?): Black Baptist Leader | |
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| Twenty Years' Experience of a Missionary (1907) | |
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| Hannah Greenebaum Solomon (1858-1942): Jewish Leader | |
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| Excerpts from Solomon's Autobiography | |
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| "Women Ministers in Session," Chicago World's Fair, 21 May 1893 | |
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| Feminist Critiques of Religion | |
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| Lucretia Coffin Mott (1793-1880): Quaker Minister, Abolitionist, and Feminist | |
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| "Sermon, Delivered at Cherry Street Meeting," Philadelphia, 4 November 1849 | |
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| Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902): Feminist | |
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| The Woman's Bible (1895-98) | |
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| Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935): Author, Feminist, and Social Critic | |
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| His Religion and Hers (1923) | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| The New Woman and the Performing Arts | |
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| Pioneers of Modern Dance | |
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| Lo�e Fuller (1862-1928) | |
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| Excerpts from Fuller's Autobiography | |
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| Fuller Talks about Her Art in an Interview,March 1896 | |
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| Fuller's Activities after Her Dance Career Ends | |
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| Isadora Duncan (1878-1927) | |
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| Dance of the Future | |
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| Ruth St. Denis (1879-1968) | |
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| From Her Autobiography | |
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| "The Dance as Life Experience" | |
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| The New Woman in Theater | |
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| Elizabeth Robins (1862-1952): American Actress, Playwright, Novelist | |
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| The Convert (1907) | |
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| Edith Craig (1869-1947): British Suffragist and Theater Pioneer | |
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| Edy Craig, "Producing a Play" | |
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| Christopher St. John Laments Craig's Lack of Recognition | |
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| A Pageant of Great Women | |
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| Cicely Hamilton on Edy and the Pageant of Great Women | |
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| Advertisement for Pageant of Great Women | |
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| A Pageant of Great Women | |
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| The Pioneer Players | |
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| Purpose of the Pioneer Players | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| |
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| Women and Culture in the Twentieth Century | |
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| |
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| New Directions in Literature and the Arts | |
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| Music | |
| |
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| Ethel Smyth (1858-1944): British Composer, Author, and Suffragist | |
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| Smyth's Reflections on Men,Women, and Music | |
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| American Musicians Organize | |
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| "Women Musicians Urge Equal Rights," 1938 | |
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| Literature | |
| |
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| Virginia Woolf (1882-1941): English Writer and Feminist | |
| |
| |
| Excerpts from A Room of One's Own (1929) | |
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| Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960): American Author and Folklorist | |
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| |
| Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) | |
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| Visual Art | |
| |
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| K�the Kollwitz (1867-1945): German Graphic Artists | |
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| |
| Excerpts from Kollwitz's Diary and Letters | |
| |
| |
| Frida Kahlo (1907-1954):Mexican Artist | |
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| |
| To Art Historian, Antonio Rodr�guez | |
| |
| |
| Letter to Lucienne Bloch, 14 February 1938 | |
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| |
| Frida Speaking about Her Art | |
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| Frida as Remembered by Her Students | |
| |
| |
| Excerpts from Her Diary | |
| |
| |
| Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986): American Painter | |
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| |
| Autobiographical Excerpts about Her Work from Exhibition Catalogs | |
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| |
| Letter to Eleanor Roosevelt, 10 February 1944 | |
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| |
| Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mid-Century Cultural Ferment | |
| |
| |
| Literature | |
| |
| |
| Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986): French Philosopher,Writer, and Feminist | |
| |
| |
| The Second Sex (1949) | |
| |
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| Visual Art | |
| |
| |
| Margaret Bourke-White (1904-1971): American Photojournalist and Author | |
| |
| |
| Gandhi and Non-Violence in a Nuclear World, 1948 | |
| |
| |
| Barbara Hepworth (1903-1975): British Sculptor | |
| |
| |
| Excerpts from Hepworth's Pictorial Autobiography, 1970 | |
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| Dance | |
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| Martha Graham (1894-1991): American Dancer, Choreographer, Teacher | |
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| |
| Graham's Thoughts about the New Modern Dance, 1941 | |
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| Excerpts from Graham's Autobiography, 1991 | |
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| |
| Katherine Dunham (1909- ): American Dance Pioneer and Anthropologist | |
| |
| |
| Dunham on Ethnology and Dance | |
| |
| |
| An Interview with Dunham, 1938 | |
| |
| |
| A "Conversation with Katherine Dunham," 1956 | |
| |
| |
| Maria Tallchief (1925- ): American Prima Ballerina | |
| |
| |
| Excerpts from Tallchief 's Autobiography, 1997 | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reclaiming Their Heritage:Women and Religion | |
| |
| |
| Feminist The(a)ologies and Ethics | |
| |
| |
| Rosemary Radford Ruether (1936-) | |
| |
| |
| "Theological Reflections on Women-Church" | |
| |
| |
| Ada Mar�a Isasi-D�az (1943-) | |
| |
| |
| Mujerista Biblical Interpretation from "La Palabra de Dios Nosotras- The Word of God in Us" | |
| |
| |
| Carter Heyward (1946-) | |
| |
| |
| Poem and Commentary from Touching Our Strength | |
| |
| |
| |
| Excerpts from Buddhism after Patriarchy | |
| |
| |
| Women-Centered Interpretive Frameworks for Reclaiming Women's History in Religion | |
| |
| |
| Elisabeth Sch�ssler Fiorenza (1938-) | |
| |
| |
| Excerpts from "Changing the Paradigms" | |
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| |
| |
| Excerpts from Interview with Riffat Hassan | |
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| |
| Diverse Interpretative Frameworks for Portraying Contemporary Women's Religious Traditions | |
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| |
| |
| Excerpts from The Path of the Mother | |
| |
| |
| |
| Laura Geller, "Reactions to a Woman Rabbi" | |
| |
| |
| Suggested Readings | |
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| Feminism, Social Change, and Female Creativity | |
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| Art | |
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| Judy Chicago (1939-): Artist, Author, and Feminist | |
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| A Conversation with Judy Chicago, 1997-1998 | |
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| National Museum of Women in the Arts,Washington, D.C. | |
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| A Conversation with Wilhelmina (Billie) Holladay, NMWA Founder, 2002 | |
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| Music | |
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| Ellen Taaffe Zwilich (1939-): Pulitzer Prize-winning Composer | |
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| Interview with Ellen Taaffe Zwilich, 2001 | |
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| Peanuts Gallery | |
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| Challenging Gender Barriers in the Arts | |
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| Anna Lelkes and the Vienna Philharmonic: Interview with Harpist Lelkes, 1997 | |
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| The Guerrilla Girls (1985-): Conscience of the Art World | |
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| "Guerrilla Girls Bare All" | |
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| Literature and Theater | |
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| Christiane Rochefort (1917-1998):Writer, Social Critic, and Feminist | |
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| "Are Women Writers Still Monsters?" (1975) | |
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| Women's Experimental Theatre, New York (1976-1985) | |
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| The Daughters Cycle: Electra Speaks | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Contemporary Voices | |
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| Art | |
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| Maya Lin: (1959-): Sculptor, Architect, and Designer | |
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| Selections from Maya Lin's Boundaries (2000) | |
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| Amalia Mesa-Bains: (1946-): Artist, Educator, and Activist | |
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| Venus Envy Ch. III: Cihuatlampa: The Place of the Giant Women (1997) | |
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| Dance and Film | |
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| Jawole Willa Jo Zollar (1939-): Choreographer and Founder of Urban Bush Women | |
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| A Conversation with Jawole Willa Jo Zollar, 1999 | |
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| Deepa Mehta (1950-): Indian/Canadian Filmmaker | |
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| An Interview with Deepa Mehta, 1993 | |
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| Literature | |
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| Sheila Ortiz Taylor (1939-): Poet and Novelist | |
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| Imaginary Parents. A Family Autobiography (1996) | |
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| Toni Morrison (1931-): Novelist and Nobel Prize Winner | |
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| Morrison's "Nobel Prize Lecture," 7 December 1993 | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Bibliography | |