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| (NOTE: Each chapter begins with Overview and concludes with Summary and Challenges.) | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Ergonomics Is | |
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| What Ergonomics Does | |
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| Goals of This Book | |
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| How This Book Is Organized | |
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| How to Use This Book | |
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| The Development of Ergonomics | |
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| The Ergonomic Knowledge Base | |
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| Sources of Ergonomic Information | |
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| Addresses | |
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| The Ergonomic Knowledge Base | |
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| The Anatomical and Mechanical Structure of the Human Body | |
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| Development of the Human Race | |
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| Anthropology and Anthropometry | |
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| Box of Samples | |
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| How to Get Missing Data | |
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| Design Procedures | |
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| Human Biomechanics | |
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| The Skeletal System | |
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| Biomechanical Description of the Body | |
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| Human Strength | |
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| How the Body Does Its Work | |
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| The Respiratory System | |
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| The Circulatory System | |
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| The Metabolic System | |
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| Assessment of Energy Expenditures at Work | |
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| Energy Requirements at Work | |
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| How the Mind Works | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Traditional and the EcologicalConcepts | |
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| Organization of the Nervous System | |
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| Enhancing Performance | |
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| Detecting Deception | |
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| Human Senses | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Body Sensors | |
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| Seeing The Vision Sense | |
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| Other Theories of Color Vision | |
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| Hearing The Auditory Sense | |
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| Smelling Olfactory Sense | |
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| Tasting The Gustation Sense | |
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| Taste Sensors | |
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| Touching The Cutaneous Senses | |
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| Balancing the Body The Vestibular Sense | |
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| Engineering Use of Sensory Capabilities | |
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| How the Body Interacts with the Environment | |
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| Thermoregulation of the Human Body | |
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| Working in Polluted Air | |
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| Working Strenuously at High Altitudes | |
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| The Effects of Vibration on the Human Body | |
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| Summary of Vibration | |
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| Astronauts and Weightlessness | |
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| Accelerations in Aerospace | |
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| Summary of Aerospace Human Engineering | |
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| Working and Diving Under Water | |
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| Body Rhythms, Work Schedules, and Effects of Alcohol | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Female Menstrual Cycle | |
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| Circadian Rhythms | |
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| Individual Differences | |
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| Sleep | |
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| Prolonged Hours of Work and Sleep Deprivation | |
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| Shiftwork | |
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| Shift Systems | |
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| Compressed Workweek/Extended Workday | |
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| Flextime | |
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| Which Shift Systems are Most Suitable? | |
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| Body Rhythms and ShiftWork: Summary | |
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| Effects of Alcohol on Performance | |
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| Blood Alcohol Content | |
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| Absorption | |
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| Elimination of Alcohol | |
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| Effects of Alcohol on the Nervous System | |
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| Effects of Alcohol on the Senses | |
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| Effects of Alcohol on Performance of Industrial Tasks | |
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| Effects of Alcohol on Automobile Driving | |
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| Effects of Alcohol on Pilots | |
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| Effects of Alcohol: Summary | |
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| Design Applications | |
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| Ergonomic Models, Methods, and Measurements | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Models | |
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| Types of Models | |
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| Ergonomic Models | |
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| Methods | |
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| Measurements | |
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| Designing to Fit the Moving Body | |
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| Moving, Not Staying Still | |
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| Suitable Body Motions and Positions at Work | |
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| Recording and Evaluating Postures at Work | |
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| Designing for the Standing Operator | |
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| Designing for the Sitting Operator | |
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| Designing for Working Positions Other Than Sitting or Standing | |
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| Designing for Foot Operation | |
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| Designing for Hand Use | |
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| Designing Hand Tools | |
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| Design Rules for Hand Tools | |
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| Designing for Human Strength | |
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| Rules for Designing for Operator Strength | |
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| Designing for Vision | |
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| Designing to Avoid Overuse Disorders in the Shop and Office | |
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| Biomechanical Strains of the Body | |
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| Occupational Activities and Related Disorders | |
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| Stages of Overuse Disorders and Their Treatment | |
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| NonBiomechanical Factors in ODs | |
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| Ergonomic Interventions | |
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| Research Needs | |
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| The Office (Computer) Workstation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Is There a Normal, Healthy, Ideal Posture? | |
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| Theories of HealthyStanding | |
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| Theories of Healthy Sitting | |
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| Free Posturing | |
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| Ergonomic Design of the Office Workstation | |
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| Selection, Design, and Arrangement of Controls and Displays | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Controls | |
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| Control Selection | |
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| Compatibility of Control-Machine Movement | |
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| Control Actuation Force or Torque | |
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| Control-Effect Relationships | |
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| Continuous versus Detent Controls | |
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| Standard Practices | |
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| Arrangement and Groupin | |