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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| To the Student | |
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| Earth Materials | |
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| Planet Earth | |
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| Introduction to Geology | |
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| Earth Compared with Other Planets | |
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| Earth's Outermost Layers | |
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| Earth's Internal Structure | |
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| Major Features of the Continents | |
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| Major Features of the Ocean Basins | |
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| The Ecosphere-A Model of Planet Earth | |
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| State of the Art: Mapping the Continents from Space | |
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| State of the Art: Mapping the Ocean Floor from Space | |
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| GeoLogic: Meteorites and Earth's Interior | |
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| Geologic Systems | |
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| Geologic Systems | |
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| Direction of Change in Geologic Systems | |
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| The Hydrologic System | |
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| The Tectonic System | |
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| Gravity and Isostasy | |
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| State of the Art: Heat Flow Measurements and Plate Tectonics | |
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| GeoLogic: Earth's Systems from Space | |
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| Minerals | |
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| Matter | |
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| The Nature of Minerals | |
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| The Growth and Destruction of Minerals | |
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| Silicate Minerals | |
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| Rock-Forming Minerals | |
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| State of the Art: X-Ray Diffraction and the Structure of Minerals | |
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| GeoLogic: Internal Structure of Minerals | |
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| Igneous Rocks | |
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| The Nature of Igneous Rocks | |
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| Textures of Igneous Rocks | |
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| Types of Igneous Rocks | |
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| Extrusive Rock Bodies | |
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| Intrusive Rock Bodies | |
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| The Origin and Differentiation of Magma | |
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| Igneous Rocks and Plate Tectonics | |
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| State of the Art: Microscopes Reveal Hidden Worlds of Geology | |
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| GeoLogic: Laccoliths of the Henry Mountains | |
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| Sedimentary Rocks | |
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| The Nature of Sedimentary Rocks | |
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| Types of Sedimentary Rocks | |
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| Sedimentary Structures | |
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| Sedimentary Systems | |
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| Stratigraphic Sequences | |
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| Sedimentary Systems and Plate Tectonics | |
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| State of the Art: Ocean Drilling Program: Probing the Deep Blue Sea | |
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| GeoLogic: Sedimentary Rocks at Dead Horse Point | |
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| Metamorphic Rocks | |
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| The Nature of Metamorphic Rocks | |
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| Origin of Metamorphic Rocks | |
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| Types of Metamorphic Rocks | |
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| Regional Metamorphic Zones | |
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| Metamorphic Rocks and Plate Tectonics | |
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| State of the Art: Rock Metamorphism in the Laboratory | |
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| GeoLogic: The Black Canyon of the Gunnison | |
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| Structure of Rock Bodies | |
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| Principles of Rock Deformation | |
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| Geometry of Rock Structures | |
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| Joints | |
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| Faults | |
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| Folds | |
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| State of the Art: Geologic Maps: Models of the Earth | |
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| GeoLogic: The Keystone Thrust | |
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| Geologic Time | |
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| The Discovery of Time | |
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| Unconformities | |
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| Relative Ages | |
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| The Standard Geologic Column | |
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| Radiometric Measurements of Time | |
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| Other Methods to Measure Numerical Time | |
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| Calibration of the Geologic Time Scale | |
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| Deciphering Geologic History | |
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| Magnitude of Geologic Time | |
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| State of the Art: Single Grain Ages of Earth's Oldest Rocks | |
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| GeoLogic: The Story of the Grand Canyon Revealed in Stone | |
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| The Hydrologic System | |
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| The Atmosphere-Ocean System | |
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| Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere | |
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| Energy and Motion of the Atmosphere | |
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| Composition and Structure of the Oceans | |
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| Energy and Motion of the Oceans | |
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| Climate Zones | |
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| Climate Change | |
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| State of the Art: Earth from Space: Satellite Eyes | |
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| GeoLogic: The Greenhouse Effect | |
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| Weathering | |
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| Physical Weathering | |
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| Chemical Weathering | |
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| Weathering of Major Rock Types | |
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| Products of Weathering | |
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| Climate and Weathering | |
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| Rates of Weathering | |
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| GeoLogic: Weathering of the Mexican Pyramids | |
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| Slope Systems | |
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| Factors Influencing Mass Movement | |
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| Types of Mass Movement | |
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| State of the Art: Landslide Hazard Maps and GIS | |
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| GeoLogic: Slope Systems | |
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| River Systems | |
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| Geologic Importance of Running Water | |
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| Major Characteristics of River Systems | |
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| The Dynamics of Stream Flow | |
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| Equilibrium Gradients in River Systems | |
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| Processes of Stream Erosion | |
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| Processes of Stream Deposition | |
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| Floods | |
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| Rivers, Climates, and Plate Tectonics | |
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| GeoLogic: Russia's Lena River Delta | |
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| Groundwater Systems | |
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| Porosity and Permeability | |
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| The Water Table and Aquifers | |
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| The Movement of Groundwater | |
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| Natural and Artificial Discharge | |
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| Confined Aquifers | |
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| Thermal Springs and Geysers | |
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| Erosion by Groundwater | |
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| Deposition by Groundwater | |
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| Groundwater Resources | |
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| Alteration of Groundwater Systems | |
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| State of the Art: Computer Models of Flowing Groundwater | |
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| GeoLogic: Cave Systems of Gullin, China | |
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| Glacier Systems | |
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| Glacial Systems | |
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| Valley Glacier Systems | |
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| Continental Glacier Systems | |
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| Pleistocene Glaciation | |
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| Records of Pre-Pleistocene Glaciation | |
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| Causes of Glaciation | |
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| State of the Art: Mass Spectrometry and Earth's Climate | |
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| GeoLogic: Glaciation in the Sierra Nevada | |
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| Shoreline Systems | |
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| Waves | |
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| Longshore Drift | |
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| Erosion Along Coasts | |
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| Deposition Along Coasts | |
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| Evolution of Shorelines | |
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| Reefs | |
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| Types of Coasts | |
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| Tides | |
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| Tsunamis | |
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| GeoLogic: Tidal Inlet, Eastern Canada | |
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| Eolian Systems | |
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| The Global Eolian System | |
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| Wind Erosion | |
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| Transportation of Sediment by Wind | |
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| Deposits of Wind-blown Sand | |
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| Deposits of Wind-blown Dust: Loess | |
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| Desertification | |
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| GeoLogic: Mars: The Eolian Planet | |
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| The Tectonic System | |
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| Plate Tectonics | |
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| Continental Drift | |
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| Development of the Theory of Plate Tectonics | |
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| Plate Geography | |
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| Plate Boundaries | |
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| Plate Motion | |
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| Rates of Plate Motion | |
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| The Driving Mechanisms for Plate Tectonics | |
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| State of the Art: The Magnetic Fabric of the Seafloor | |
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| Seismicity and Earth's Interior | |
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| Characteristics of Earthquakes | |
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| Earthquake Hazards | |
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| Earthquake Prediction | |
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| Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics | |
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| Seismic Waves as Probes of Earth's Interior | |
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| Seismic Wave Velocity Discontinuities | |
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| Convection Inside Earth | |
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| State of the Art: Radar Interferometry Reveals Earthquake Deformation | |
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| State of the Art: Seismic Tomography of Earth's Mantle | |
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| GeoLogic: Inclined Seismic Zones | |
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| Divergent Plate Boundaries | |
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| Midoceanic Ridges | |
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| Structure and Composition of the Oceanic Lithosphere | |
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| Origin and Evolution of Oceanic Crust | |
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| Continental Rifts | |
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| Plate Movement During the Last 200 Million Years | |
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| State of the Art: Gravity Variations Reveal Hidden Continental Rift | |
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| GeoLogic: Sheeted Dikes of the Oman Ophiolite | |
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| Transform Plate Boundaries | |
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| Characteristics of Transform Plate Boundaries | |
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| Oceanic Transform Plate Boundaries and Fracture Zones | |
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| Continental Transform Faults | |
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| Earthquakes at Transform Boundaries | |
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| Magmatism and Metamorphism at Transform Plate Boundaries | |
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| State of the Art: Global Positioning Systems | |
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| GeoLogic: Transform(ation) of California | |
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| Convergent Plate Boundaries | |
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| Types of Convergent Boundaries | |
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| Factors Influencing the Nature of Convergent Boundaries | |
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| Seismicity at Convergent Boundaries | |
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| Deformation at Convergent Boundaries | |
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| Magmatism at Convergent Boundaries | |
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| Volcanic Eruptions at Convergent Boundaries | |
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| Metamorphism at Convergent Boundaries | |
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| Formation of Continental Crust | |
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| State of the Art: Magnetic Maps Show Accreted Terranes | |
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| GeoLogic: Lau Basin: A Back Arc Basin | |
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| Hotspots and Mantle Plumes | |
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| Hotspots and Mantle Plumes | |
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| Making Magma in Mantle Plumes | |
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| Mantle Plumes Beneath the Ocean Floor | |
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| Mantle Plumes Beneath Continents | |
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| Plumes, Climate Change, and Extinctions | |
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| State of the Art: X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry | |
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| Tectonics and Landscapes | |
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| Factors Influencing Continental Landscapes | |
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| Evolution of Shields | |
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| Stable Platforms | |
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| Folded Mountain Belts | |
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| Continental Rifts | |
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| Flood Basalts: Plains and Plateaus | |
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| Magmatic Arcs | |
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| GeoLogic: Landscape of Snow Canyon, Utah | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Earth's Resources | |
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| Mineral Resources | |
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| Processes That Form Mineral Deposits | |
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| Energy Resources | |
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| Plate Tectonics and Mineral Resources | |
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| Limits to Growth and Consumption | |
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| Easter Island, Earth Island | |
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| State of the Art: Three-Dimensional Seismic Imaging | |
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| GeoLogic: The Origin of Coal | |
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| Other Planets | |
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| The Solar System | |
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| The Inner Solar System | |
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| The Outer Solar System | |
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| Small Bodies of the Solar System: Asteroids and Comets | |
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| Origin of the Solar System | |
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| State of the Art: Geologists on Other Worlds: The Apollo Program | |
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| GeoLogic: Chicxzulub: Smoking Gun? | |
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| Glossary | |