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| Introduction | |
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| Statistics and the Life Sciences | |
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| Examples and Overview | |
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| Description of Populations and Samples | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Frequency Distributions: Techniques for Data | |
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| Frequency Distributions: Shapes and Examples | |
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| Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Center | |
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| Boxplots | |
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| Measures of Dispersion | |
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| Effect of Transformation of Variables (Optional) | |
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| Samples and Populations: Statistical Inference | |
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| Perspective | |
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| Random Sampling, Probability, and the Binomial Distribution | |
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| Probability and the Life Sciences | |
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| Random Sampling | |
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| Introduction to Probability | |
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| Probability Trees | |
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| Density Curves | |
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| The Binomial Distribution | |
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| Fitting a Binomial Distribution to Data (Optional) | |
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| The Normal Distribution | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Normal Curves | |
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| Areas Under a Normal Curve | |
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| Assessing Normality | |
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| The Continuity Correction (Optional) | |
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| Perspective | |
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| Sampling Distributions | |
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| Basic Ideas | |
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| Dichotomous Observations | |
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| Quantitative Observations | |
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| Illustration of the Central Limit Theorem (Optional) | |
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| The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution (Optional) | |
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| Perspective | |
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| Confidence Intervals | |
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| Statistical Estimation | |
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| Standard Error of the Mean | |
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| Confidence Interval for u | |
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| Planning a Study to Estimate u | |
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| Conditions for Validity of Estimation Methods | |
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| Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion | |
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| Perspective and Summary | |
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| Comparison of Two Independent Samples | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Standard Error of (y1 - y2) | |
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| Confidence Interval for (u1 - u2) | |
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| Hypothesis Testing: The t-test | |
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| Further Discussion of the t-test | |
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| One-Tailed Tests | |
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| More on Interpretation of Statistical Significance | |
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| Planning for Adequate Power (Optional) | |
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| Student's t: Conditions and Summary | |
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| More on Principles of Testing Hypotheses | |
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| The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test | |
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| Perspective | |
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| Statistical Principles of Design | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Observational Studies | |
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| Experiments | |
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| Restricted Randomization: Blocking and Stratification | |
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| Levels of Replication | |
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| Sampling Concerns (Optional) | |
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| Perspective | |
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| Comparison of Two Paired Samples | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Paired-Sample t-Test and Confidence Interval | |
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| The Paired Design | |
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| The Sign Test | |
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| Further Considerations in Paired Experiments | |
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| Perspective | |
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| Analysis of Categorical Data | |
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| Inference for Proportions: The Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test | |
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| The Chi-Square Test for the 2 X 2 Contingency Table | |
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| Independence and Association in a 2 X 2 Contingency Table | |
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| Fisher's Exact Test (Optional) | |
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| The r x k Contingency Table | |
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| Applicability of Methods | |
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| Confidence Interval for a Difference Between Proportions | |
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| Paired Data and 2 X 2 Tables (Optional) | |
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| Relative Risks and the Odds Ratio (Optional) | |
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| Summary of Chi-Square Tests | |
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| Comparing the Means of k Independent Samples | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Basic Analysis of Variance | |
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| The Analysis of Variance Model (Optional) | |
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| The Global F Test | |
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| Applicability of Methods | |
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| Linear Combinations of Means (Optional) | |
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| Multiple Comparisons (Optional) | |
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| Perspective | |
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| Linear Regression and Correlation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Fitted Regression Line | |
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| Parametric Interpretation of Regression: The Linear Model | |
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| Statistical Inference Concerning B1 | |
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| Perspective | |
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| Summary of Formulas | |
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| A Summary of Inference Methods | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Data Analysis Samples | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Chapter Notes | |
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| Statistical Tables | |
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| Answers to Selected Exercises | |
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| Index | |
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| Index of Examples | |