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| General Chemistry | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Definition of Chemistry | |
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| Divisions of Chemistry | |
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| Chemical Measurements | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Physical and Chemical Changes | |
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| Physical Properties | |
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| Chemical Properties | |
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| Physical and Chemical Changes | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| States and Types of Matter | |
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| Solid→Liquid→Gas | |
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| Solid→Gas | |
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| Characteristics of States of Matter | |
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| Types of Matter | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding | |
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| Atoms | |
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| The Periodic Table | |
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| Chemical Bonding | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Chemical Shorthand: Symbols, Formulas, and Equations | |
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| Symbols | |
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| Formulas | |
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| Molecular Mass | |
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| Naming of Compounds | |
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| Equations | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Radiation Chemistry | |
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| Radioactivity | |
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| Transmutation | |
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| Half-Life | |
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| Artificial Transmutations | |
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| Radiation Quantities and Units | |
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| Radiation Detectors | |
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| Protection from Radiation | |
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| Sources of Radiation Encountered by Embalmers | |
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| Vehicles of Radionuclide Therapy | |
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| Preparation of the Body Without Autopsy | |
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| Preparation of the Autopsied Body | |
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| Cremation | |
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| Summary of Precautionary Procedures | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Oxygen | |
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| Facts about Oxygen | |
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| Physical Properties | |
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| Chemical Properties | |
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| Methods for the Preparation of Oxygen | |
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| Factors Affecting Reaction Rates | |
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| Forms of Oxygen | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Hydrogen | |
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| Facts about Hydrogen | |
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| Physical Properties | |
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| Chemical Properties | |
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| Preparation of Hydrogen | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Water | |
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| Facts about Water | |
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| Physical Properties | |
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| Hydrogen Bonding | |
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| Chemical Properties | |
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| Preparation of Water | |
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| Classes of Impurities in Water | |
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| Hardness in Water | |
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| Other Purification Methods | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Solutions | |
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| Types and Components of Solutions | |
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| Solubility | |
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| Concentration Terms | |
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| Properties of Solutions | |
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| Application of Osmotic Principles to Embalming | |
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| Colloids and Suspensions | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Acids, Bases, Salts, and Ionization | |
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| Self-Ionization of Water | |
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| Definitions of Acids and Bases | |
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| Arrhenius Theory | |
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| Common Aqueous Bases | |
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| Properties of Aqueous Acids and Bases | |
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| Br�nsted-Lowry Theory | |
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| Lewis Theory | |
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| Anhydrides | |
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| Salts | |
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| Ionization | |
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| pH: Hydrogen-Ion Concentration | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Hydrates and Hydrolysis | |
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| Hydrates | |
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| Hydrolysis | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Organic Chemistry | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Nature of Organic Chemistry | |
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| Properties of Carbon | |
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| Functional Groups | |
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| Formulas | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Hydrocarbons | |
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| Types and Properties of Hydrocarbons | |
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| Aromatic Hydrocarbons | |
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| Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons | |
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| Sources of Aromatic Compounds | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Alcohols and Ethers | |
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| Alcohols | |
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| Important Alcohols in Embalming | |
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| Phenols | |
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| Cresols | |
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| Resorcinol | |
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| Hexyl Resorcinol | |
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| Hexachlorophene | |
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| Comparison of Alcohols as Germicides | |
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| Thioalcohols (Mercaptans) | |
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| Ethers | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Aldehydes and Ketones | |
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| Aldehydes | |
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| Ketones | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Carboxylic Acids and Esters | |
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| Structure of Organic Acids | |
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| Monocarboxylic Acids | |
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| Aromatic Carboxylic Acids | |
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| Acidic Nature of Carboxylic Acids | |
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| Organic Salts | |
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| Dicarboxylic Acids | |
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| Hydroxy Acids | |
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| Chelates | |
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| Lactic Acid | |
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| Esters | |
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| Thioesters | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Amines and Amides | |
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| Amines | |
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| Reactions of Amines | |
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| Aromatic Amines | |
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| Heterocyclic Amines | |
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| Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Biochemistry | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Elemental Composition | |
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| Molecular Composition | |
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| Macromolecules | |
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| Metabolism | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Proteins | |
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| Protein Composition | |
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| Amino Acids | |
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| Amphoterism | |
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| Peptide Linkage | |
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| Cross-Linking of Proteins | |
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| Protein Structure | |
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| Hemoglobin | |
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| Breakdown of Hemoglobin | |
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| Denaturation | |
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| Protein Breakdown | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Enzymes | |
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| Enzyme Function | |
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| Nomenclature | |
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| Chemical Properties of Enzymes | |
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| Regulation of Enzyme Activity | |
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| The Role of Enzymes in Decomposition | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Carbohydrates | |
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| Definition and Classification | |
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| Monosaccharides | |
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| Disaccharides | |
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| Polysaccharides | |
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| Proteoglycans | |
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| Reactions of Carbohydrates | |
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| Synthesis of Adenosine Triphosphate | |
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| Muscle Contraction: Rigor Mortis | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Lipids | |
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| Classification of Lipids | |
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| Simple Lipids | |
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| Compound Lipids | |
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| Miscellaneous Lipids | |
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| Reactions of Lipids | |
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| Significance of Lipids to the Embalming Process | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Summary of the Action and Composition of Embalming | |
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| Fluids | |
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| Actions of Preservative Chemicals | |
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| Preservation by Formaldehyde | |
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| Embalming Fluids: Basic Types | |
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| Factors Influencing Stability of Fluids (Shelf Life) | |
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| Potentially Hazardous Chemicals used in Embalming or Present in the Mortuary | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Questions | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |