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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Introduction | |
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Fundamental Properties of Water | |
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The Earth's Atmosphere and Atmospheric Pressure | |
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The Three Phases of Water | |
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Mass (Density) and Weight (Specific Weight) | |
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Viscosity of Water | |
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Surface Tension and Capillarity | |
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Elasticity of Water | |
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Forces in a Fluid Field | |
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Problems | |
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Water Pressure and Pressure Forces | |
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The Free Surface of Water | |
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Absolute and Gauge Pressures | |
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Surfaces of Equal Pressure | |
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Manometers | |
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Hydrostatic Forces on Flat Surfaces | |
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Hydrostatic Forces on Curved Surfaces | |
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Buoyancy | |
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Flotation Stability | |
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Problems | |
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Water Flow in Pipes | |
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Description of Pipe Flow | |
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The Reynolds Number | |
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Forces in Pipe Flow | |
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Energy in Pipe Flow | |
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Loss of Head from Pipe Friction | |
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Friction Factor for Laminar Flow | |
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Friction Factor for Turbulent Flow | |
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Empirical Equations for Friction Head Loss | |
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Friction Head Loss-Discharge Relationships | |
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Loss of Head in Pipe Contractions | |
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Loss of Head in Pipe Expansions | |
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Loss of Head in Pipe Bends | |
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Loss of Head in Pipe Valves | |
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Method of Equivalent Pipes | |
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Pipes in Series | |
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Pipes in Parallel | |
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Problems | |
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Pipelines and Pipe Networks | |
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Pipelines Connecting Two Reservoirs | |
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Negative Pressure Scenarios (Pipelines and Pumps) | |
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Branching Pipe Systems | |
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Pipe Networks | |
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The Hardy-Cross Method | |
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The Newton Method | |
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Water Hammer Phenomenon in Pipelines | |
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Surge Tanks | |
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Problems | |
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Water Pumps | |
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Centrifugal (Radial Flow) Pumps | |
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Propeller (Axial Flow) Pumps | |
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Jet (Mixed-Flow) Pumps | |
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Centrifugal Pump Characteristic Curves | |
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Single Pump and Pipeline Analysis | |
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Pumps in Parallel or in Series | |
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Pumps and Branching Pipes | |
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Pumps and Pipe Networks | |
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Cavitation in Water Pumps | |
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Specific Speed and Pump Similarity | |
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Selection of a Pump | |
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Problems | |
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Water Flow in Open Channels | |
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Open-Channel Flow Classifications | |
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Uniform Flow in Open Channels | |
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Hydraulic Efficiency of Open-Channel Sections | |
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Energy Principles in Open-Channel Flow | |
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Hydraulic Jumps | |
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Gradually Varied Flow | |
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Classifications of Gradually Varied Flow | |
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Computation of Water Surface Profiles | |
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Standard Step Method | |
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Direct Step Method | |
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Hydraulic Design of Open Channels | |
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Unlined Channels | |
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Rigid Boundary Channels | |
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Problems | |
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Groundwater Hydraulics | |
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Movement of Groundwater | |
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Steady Radial Flow to a Well | |
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Steady Radial Flow in Confined Aquifers | |
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Steady Radial Flow in Unconfined Aquifers | |
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Unsteady Radial Flow to a Well | |
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Unsteady Radial Flow in Confined Aquifers | |
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Unsteady Radial Flow in Unconfined Aquifers | |
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Field Determination of Aquifer Characteristics | |
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Equilibrium Test in Confined Aquifers | |
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Equilibrium Test in Unconfined Aquifers | |
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Nonequilibrium Test | |
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Aquifer Boundaries | |
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Surface Investigations of Groundwater | |
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The Electrical Resistivity Method | |
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Seismic Wave Propagation Methods | |
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Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Areas | |
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Seepage Through Dam Foundations | |
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Seepage Through Earth Dams | |
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Problems | |
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Hydraulic Structures | |
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Functions of Hydraulic Structures | |
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Dams: Functions and Classifications | |
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Stability of Gravity and Arch Dams | |
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Gravity Dams | |
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Arch Dams | |
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Small Earth Dams | |
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Weirs | |
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Overflow Spillways | |
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Side-Channel Spillways | |
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Siphon Spillways | |
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Culverts | |
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Stilling Basins | |
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Problems | |
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Water Pressure, Velocity, and Discharge Measurements | |
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Pressure Measurements | |
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Velocity Measurements | |
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Discharge Measurements in Pipes | |
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Discharge Measurements in Open Channels | |
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Sharp-Crested Weirs | |
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Broad-Crested Weirs | |
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Venturi Flumes | |
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Problems | |
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Hydraulic Similitude and Model Studies | |
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Dimensional Homogeneity | |
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Principles of Hydraulic Similitude | |
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Phenomena Governed by Viscous Forces: Reynolds Number Law | |
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Phenomena Governed by Gravity Forces: Froude Number Law | |
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Phenomena Governed by Surface Tension: Weber Number Law | |
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Phenomena Governed by Both Gravity and Viscous Forces | |
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Models for Floating and Submerged Bodies | |
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Open-Channel Models | |
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The Pi Theorem | |
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Problems | |
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Hydrology for Hydraulic Design | |
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The Hydrologic Cycle | |
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Precipitation | |
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Design Storm | |
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Surface Runoff and Stream Flow | |
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Rainfall-Runoff Relationships: The Unit Hydrograph | |
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Rainfall-Runoff Relationships: SCS Procedures | |
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Losses from Rainfall and Rainfall Excess | |
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Time of Concentration | |
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SCS Synthetic Unit Hydrograph | |
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SCS Design Hydrograph | |
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Storage Routing | |
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Hydraulic Design: The Rational Method | |
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Design of Stormwater-Collection Systems | |
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Design of Stormwater Pipes | |
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Problems | |
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Statistical Methods in Hydrology | |
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Concepts of Probability | |
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Statistical Parameters | |
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Probability Distributions | |
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Normal Distribution | |
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Log-Normal Distribution | |
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Gumbel Distribution | |
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Log-Pearson Type III Distribution | |
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Return Period and Hydrologic Risk | |
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Frequency Analysis | |
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Frequency Factors | |
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Testing Goodness of Fit | |
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Confidence Limits | |
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Frequency Analysis Using Probability Graphs | |
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Probability Graphs | |
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Plotting Positions | |
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Data Plotting and Theoretical Distributions | |
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Estimating Future Magnitudes | |
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Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Relationships | |
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Applicability of Statistical Methods | |
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Problems | |
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Symbols | |
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Answers to Selected Problems | |
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Index | |