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| Preface | |
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| Introduction and Early History | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Anatomy, Function, and Regulation | |
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| The Female Reproductive System | |
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| Ovaries | |
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| Oviducts | |
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| Uterus | |
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| Cervix | |
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| Vagina | |
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| Vulva | |
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| Support Structures, Nerves, and Blood Supply | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| The Male Reproductive System | |
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| Testes | |
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| Scrotum and Spermatic Cord | |
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| Epididymis | |
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| Vasa Deferentia and Urethra | |
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| Accessory Glands | |
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| Penis | |
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| Prepuce | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Regulators of Reproduction | |
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| Primary Reproductive Hormones of the Pituitary Gland | |
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| Neuroendocrine Control of the Pituitary Gland | |
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| Hormones of the Gonads | |
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| Primary Reproductive Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex | |
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| Endocrine Function of the Uterine/Placental Unit | |
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| Reproductive Role of Prostaglandins | |
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| Hormone-like Factors and Other Hormonal Mediators | |
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| Regulation of Hormonal Receptor Sites | |
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| Intracellular Mechanisms of Hormone Actions | |
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| Methods of Hormone Detection and Measurement | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Reproductive Processes | |
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| The Estrous Cycle | |
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| Puberty | |
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| Periods of the Estrous Cycle | |
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| Hormonal Control of the Estrous Cycle | |
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| Follicular Dynamics | |
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| Seasonal Breeders | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Spermatogenesis and Maturation of Spermatozoa | |
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| Puberty | |
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| The Process of Spermatogenesis | |
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| The Seminiferous Epithelial Cycle and Spermatogenic Wave | |
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| Capacitation of Spermatozoa and Acrosome Reaction | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Mating Behavior | |
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| Regulation of Mating Behavior | |
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| Behavioral Characteristics of Estrus | |
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| Mating Behavior in Males | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Ovigenesis and Fertilization | |
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| Ovigenesis | |
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| Ovulation | |
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| Gamete Transport | |
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| Fertilization | |
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| Polyspermy | |
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| Aging of Gametes | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Gestation | |
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| Cleavage | |
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| Differentiation | |
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| Fetal Growth | |
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| Maintenance of Pregnancy | |
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| Twinning | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Parturition and Postpartum Recovery | |
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| Overview of the Parturition Process | |
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| Approaching Parturition | |
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| Parturition | |
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| Dystocia | |
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| Care of the Newborn | |
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| Retained Placentae | |
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| Postpartum Recovery | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Lactation | |
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| Structure of Mammary Glands | |
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| Hormonal Regulation of the Development and Function of the Mammary Gland | |
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| Composition of Milk | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Artificial Insemination | |
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| Introduction and History of Artificial Insemination | |
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| Introduction | |
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| History | |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Semen Collection | |
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| Facilities Needed for Semen Collection | |
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| Methods of Semen Collection | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Semen and Its Components | |
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| Spermatozoa | |
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| Seminal Plasma | |
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| Energy Metabolism by Spermatozoa | |
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| Factors Affecting Rate of Metabolism | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Semen Evaluation | |
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| Gross Examination | |
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| Progressive Motility | |
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| Concentration of Sperm Cells | |
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| Sperm Cell Morphology | |
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| Differential Staining of Live and Dead Sperm | |
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| Speed of Sperm | |
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| Evaluating Frozen Semen | |
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| Computer Automated Semen Analyzer | |
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| Other Tests | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Semen Processing, Storage, and Handling | |
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| Importance and Properties of Semen Diluters | |
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| Buffer Solutions Used in Semen Diluters | |
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| Antimicrobial Agents for Semen Diluters | |
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| Effective Diluters for Bull Semen | |
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| Processing Bull Semen | |
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| Storage and Handling of Bull Semen | |
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| What Does the Future Hold for Liquid Bull Semen? | |
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| Processing Boar Semen | |
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| Processing Ram Semen | |
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| Processing Stallion Semen | |
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| Processing Buck Semen | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Insemination Techniques | |
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| Insemination of the Cow | |
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| Insemination of the Ewe and Doe | |
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| Insemination of the Sow | |
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| Insemination of the Mare | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Management for Improved Reproduction | |
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| Synchronization of Estrus and Superovulation with Embryo Transfer | |
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| Synchronization of Estrus | |
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| Superovulation and Embryo Transfer | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Reproductive Biotechnology | |
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| Assisted Reproductive Technologies | |
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| Sex Determination and Control | |
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| Cloning | |
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| Genetic Engineering (Transgenics) | |
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| Gene Discovery--Markers for Reproduction | |
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| Technologies for the Future--Definitions | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Reproductive Management | |
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| Measurements of Reproductive Efficiency | |
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| Management Related to the Female | |
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| Management Related to the Male | |
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| Altering Male Reproduction | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Pregnancy Diagnosis | |
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| Cow | |
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| Ewe and Doe | |
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| Mare | |
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| Sow | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Environmental Management | |
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| Environmental Stressors | |
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| Physiological Relationship of Environmental Stress to Reproduction | |
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| Thermoregulation | |
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| Modification of Summer Environments to Reduce Stress | |
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| Other Management Considerations in Hot Environments | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Nutritional Management | |
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| Nutritive Components | |
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| Growing Animals | |
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| Maintaining Reproductive Efficiency | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Causes of Reproductive Failure | |
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| Anatomical and Inherited Causes of Reproductive Failure | |
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| Freemartin | |
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| Infantile Reproductive System | |
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| Incomplete Structures--Oviduct, Uterus, Cervix, or Vagina | |
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| Hermaphrodite | |
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| Cryptorchid | |
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| Injuries | |
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| Prolapse of Vagina and Uterus | |
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| Genetic Abnormalities | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Physiological, Toxicological, and Psychological Causes of Reproductive Failure | |
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| Cystic Ovaries | |
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| Retained Corpus Luteum | |
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| Anestrus | |
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| Irregular Estrous Cycles | |
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| Quiet Ovulation | |
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| Age | |
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| Reproductive Toxicology | |
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| Psychological Disturbances | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Infectious Diseases That Cause Reproductive Failure | |
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| Bacterial Diseases | |
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| Protozoan Diseases | |
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| Viral Diseases | |
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| Suggested Reading | |
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| Index | |
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| List of Tables | |
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| Accuracy of sire proofs for predicting milk yield | |
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| Reproductive organs of the female with their major functions | |
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| Reproductive organs of the male with their major functions | |
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| Molecular size of peptide and protein hormones that regulate reproduction | |
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| Hormones that regulate reproduction | |
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| Major steroid hormones produced by the gonads | |
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| Species differences in various characteristics of the estrous cycle | |
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| Species and breed differences in age and weight at puberty | |
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| Primary characteristics of the periods of the estrous cycle in the cow | |
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| Effect of time of insemination on ovulation and fertility in cows | |
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| Characteristics of average ejaculate of semen for different species | |
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| Transport time of oocytes in the oviduct of farm animals | |
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| Estimated fertile life of sperm and ova in farm animals | |
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| Effect of age of the ovum on fertility in cattle | |
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| Effect of the length of time of storage of extended semen on its fertility level and the difference between 1-month and 5-month nonreturns | |
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| Species and breed differences in gestation length | |