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| Foreword | |
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| To the Reader | |
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| Defining Criticism, Theory, and Literature | |
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| Eavesdropping on a Literature Classroom | |
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| Can a Text Have More Than One Interpretation? | |
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| How to Become a Literary Critic | |
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| What Is Literary Criticism? | |
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| What Is Literary Theory? | |
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| Making Meaning from Text | |
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| The Reading Process and Literary Theory | |
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| What Is Literature? | |
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| Literary Theory and the Definition of Literature | |
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| The Function of Literature and Literary Theory | |
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| Beginning the Formal Study of Literary Theory | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| A Historical Survey of Literary Criticism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Plato (ca. 427-347 B.C.) | |
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| Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) | |
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| Horace (65-8 B.C.) | |
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| Longinus (First Century A.D.) | |
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| Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) | |
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| Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1586) | |
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| John Dryden (1631-1700) | |
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| Alexander Pope (1688-1744) | |
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| William Wordsworth (1770-1850) | |
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| Hippolyte Adolphe Taine (1828-1893) | |
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| Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) | |
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| Henry James (1843-1916) | |
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| Modern Literary Criticism | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| New Criticism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Historical Development | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Methodology | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Student Essay: Dale Schuurman, Keats's "To Autumn": Verses of Praise for a Malicious Season? | |
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| Reader-Response Criticism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Historical Development | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Methodology | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Student Essay: Jennifer Douglas, "Ethan Brand's" Challenge to Me | |
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| Structuralism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Historical Development | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Methodologies | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Student Essay: Conie Krause, Will the Real Walter Mitty Please Wake Up: A Structuralist's View of "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty" | |
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| Deconstruction | |
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| Structuralism and Poststructuralism: Two Views of the World | |
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| Modernity | |
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| Poststructuralism or Postmodernism | |
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| Historical Development | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Methodology | |
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| American Deconstructors | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Student Essay: Jennifer Douglas, Deconstructing a "Real" House | |
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| Psychoanalytic Criticism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Historical Development | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Methodologies | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Student Essay: David Johnson, A Psychoanalytic Approach to Poe's "The City in the Sea" | |
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| Feminism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Historical Development | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Methodology | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Student Essay: Lori Huth, Throwing Off the Yoke: "Rip Van Winkle" and Women | |
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| Marxism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Historical Development | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Methodology | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Student Essay: Juanita Wolfe, Baking Bread for the Bourgeoisie | |
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| Cultural Poetics or New Historicism | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Historical Development | |
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| Assumptions | |
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| Methodology | |
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| Questions for Textual Analysis | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Student Essay: Krista Adlhock, Hawthorne's Understanding of History in "The Maypole of Merry Mount" | |
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| Cultural Studies | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Postcolonialism: "The Empire Writes Back" | |
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| Historical Development of Postcolonialism | |
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| Assumptions of Postcolonialist Theory | |
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| Methodology | |
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| Questions for Analysis | |
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| Postcolonialism and African American Criticism | |
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| Gender Studies: New Directions in Feminism | |
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| Sample Essay | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Web Sites for Exploration | |
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| Student Essay: Wendy Rader, "The Gentlemen of the Jungle": Or Are They Beasts? | |
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| Literary Selections | |
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| "To Autumn" | |
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| "Ethan Brand" | |
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| "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty" | |
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| "The House on Mango Street" | |
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| "The City in the Sea" | |
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| "Rip Van Winkle" | |
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| "Marked with D." | |
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| "The Maypole of Merry Mount" | |
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| "The Gentlemen of the Jungle" | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Credits | |
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| Index | |