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Introduction | |
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Light and Sound | |
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Light and Light Waves | |
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Speed of Light | |
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Electromagnetic Spectrum | |
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Polarization | |
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Reflection and Refraction | |
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Specular Reflection of Light | |
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Refraction of Light | |
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Total Internal Reflection | |
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Reflection and Refraction in Diamonds | |
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The Rainbow25 | |
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Questions | |
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Lenses | |
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The Prism | |
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Converging and Diverging Lenses31 | |
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Focal Length | |
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Images?Real and Virtual | |
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Three Easy Rays | |
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The Lens Formula | |
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Note on Magnification | |
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Lens Aberrations | |
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Chromatic Aberrations | |
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Spherical Aberration | |
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Questions | |
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The Eye | |
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Accommodation | |
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Eyeglasses | |
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Nearsighted Eye | |
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Farsighted Eye | |
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Astigmatic Eye | |
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Photography | |
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The Camera | |
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Focusing the Camera | |
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Choosing the Aperture | |
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Depth of Field | |
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Why the/Number? | |
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The Film | |
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Digital Photography | |
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Putting it AH Together: Taking a Photograph | |
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Questions | |
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Color and Color Vision | |
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Color | |
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Color Sensitivity of the Eye | |
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Physical and Psychological Color | |
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Color: Hue, Saturation, and Brightness | |
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Light Interaction with other Objects | |
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Scattering or Diffuse Reflection | |
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Questions | |
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Additive Color Mixing | |
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Primary Colors | |
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Adding Primary Colors | |
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The Color Triangle | |
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Low-Brightness Colors | |
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Spectral Colors | |
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Non-Spectral Colors | |
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Summary | |
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Additive Color Mixing in Painting | |
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Questions | |
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Subtractive Color Mixing | |
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Filters | |
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Subtractive Primary Colors | |
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Subtractive primaries | |
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Color Photography | |
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Pigments | |
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Change in Saturation | |
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Why Do Blue and Yellow Make Green? | |
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Change in Hue | |
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Questions | |
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Color-Generating Mechanisms | |
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Illuminating Light | |
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Pigments | |
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Structural Color: Iridescence | |
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More Color-Generating Mechanisms Due to Iridescence | |
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Color in Gemstones | |
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Mineral Color Due to Charge Transfer | |
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Mineral Color Due to Color Centers | |
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Color in Gems Due to Band Gap Absorption of Light | |
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Periodic Oscillations | |
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Displacement Graph: Positions x Changes with Time t | |
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The Period T and the Frequency f | |
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Large and Small Numbers | |
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Speed of Motio | |
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Questions | |
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Simple Harmonic Motion | |
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The Spring Constant | |
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Oscillation Frequency for Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) | |
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Wave Shape of Simple Harmonic Motion | |
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Phase Angle | |
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Questions | |
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Damped Oscillations and Resonance | |
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Damped Oscillations?The Concept of "Damping Time" | |
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Resonance | |
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Build-up and Decay of Musical Tones | |
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Applications in Music | |
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Resonators in Musical Instruments | |
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Questions | |
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Adding Sound Sources: Beats and Harmony | |
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Principle of Superposition | |
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Two Pure Tones of the Same Frequency | |
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Beats | |
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Harmony | |
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For the Fun of It: Lissajous Figures | |
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Questions | |
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Sound waves | |
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Propagation of a Pulse | |
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Longitudinal and Transverse Waves | |
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Sound Waves in Air Are Longitudinal Waves | |
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Speed of Sound in Air | |
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Wavelength and Frequency | |
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Relevance to Size of Instruments or Loudspeakers | |
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Sound Propagation | |
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Interference of Sound Waves | |
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Concert Hall Acoustics | |
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Questions | |
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Sound Perception: Pitch, Loudness, and Timbre | |
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Ludness and Amplitude | |
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Loudness and Frequency | |
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Pitch Discrimination | |
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The Ear | |
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The Parts of the Ear | |
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Place Theory of Pitch Perception | |
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What Do the Auditory Nerves Tell the Brain? | |
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Vibration of Strings | |
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Single Modes | |
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Higher Modes | |
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Traveling Versus Standing Waves | |
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The Voicing Formula225 | |
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How Do Modes Relate to Music? | |
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Damping of Higher Partials | |
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Plucked Strings: Missing Partials | |
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Playing Harmonics | |
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Real Strings Have Some Stiffness | |
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Questions | |
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Pipes | |
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Pressure Pulse in a Pipe | |
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Reflections in Open and Closed Pipes | |
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Boundary Conditions | |
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Standing Waves in Open Pipes | |
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Fundamental Frequency of Open Pipe | |
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Higher Modes of Open Pipe | |
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Fundamental Frequency of Closed Pipe | |
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Higher Modes of Closed Pipe | |
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Playing Tunes on Wind Instruments: Fingerholes and Overblowing | |
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Other Shapes | |
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Acoustic Length | |
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Questions | |
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Fourier Analysis | |
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The Fourier Theorem | |
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Sound Spectrum | |
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Fourier Analyzer (Sound Analyzer) | |
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Fourier Synthesis | |
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Why Can't We Synthesize a Stradivari? | |
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Questions | |
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Musical Scales | |
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Musical Intervals | |
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Consonance (Harmony): Simple Number Ratios | |
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The Major Triad | |
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Constructing a Scale: The Just Scale | |
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Whole and Half Tone Intervals | |
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Names of Intervals | |
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Transposing: Why Black Keys? | |
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Perfection Sacrificed: The Tempered Scale | |
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Major and Minor Scales | |
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The Natural Scale | |
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Questions | |
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Musical Instruments | |
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Structure of Musical Instruments | |
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Excitation Mechanism | |
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Playing aTune | |
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Questions | |
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Solutions to Problems | |
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Index | |