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Lifespan Development: An Introduction | |
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An Example of Development through the Lifespan | |
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Thinking about Lifespan Development | |
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Why Study the Lifespan? | |
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What Is Development? | |
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Changing Views of the Lifespan | |
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Changing Perspectives on Aging | |
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The Importance of Biopsychosocial Interactions | |
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Understanding Children's Cultures | |
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Contributors to Biopsychosocial Interactions | |
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Issues in Lifespan Development | |
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Continuity versus Discontinuity | |
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Nature versus Nurture | |
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Research in Lifespan Development | |
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Data Collection Techniques | |
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Time-Variable Designs | |
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Ethics | |
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Conclusion & Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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What Do You Think? | |
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Chapter Review Test | |
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Theories of Development: Interpreting the Lifespan | |
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Theories of Development: Interpreting the Lifespan | |
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Psychoanalytic Theories | |
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Freud's Theory | |
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Erikson's Psychosocial Theory | |
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Contributions and Criticism of Psychoanalytic Theories | |
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Cognitive Theories | |
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Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory | |
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Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory | |
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Contributions and Criticism of Cognitive Theories | |
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The Behavioral Approach | |
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Pavlov's and Watson's Classical Conditioning | |
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Skinner's Operant Conditioning | |
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Bandura's Social Cognitive Learning | |
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Contributions and Criticism of Behavioral Theories | |
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A Bioecological Model | |
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Developmental Theory: Current Status, Future Direction | |
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Interactions among Levels of Development | |
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Developmental Systems Theory | |
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Unique Theories of Development | |
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From Neurons to Neighborhoods | |
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Conclusion & Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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For Review | |
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Chapter Review Test | |
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Chapter Objectives | |
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Pregnancy and Prenatal Development | |
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The Biological Basis of Development | |
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Chromosomes, DNA, and Genes | |
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Mitosis and Meiosis | |
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Hereditary Disorders | |
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Chromosomal Disorders | |
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Genetic Disorders | |
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The Fertilization Process | |
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Menstrual Cycle | |
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Egg | |
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Sperm | |
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Multiples | |
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Fertility: Challenges and Opportunities | |
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Causes of Infertility | |
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Assisted Reproduction Techniques | |
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Adoption | |
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Prenatal Development | |
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Germinal Period | |
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Embryonic Period | |
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Fetal Period | |
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Prenatal Testing | |
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Ultrasound | |
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Amniocentesis | |
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Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) test | |
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Chorionic Villi Sampling (CVS) | |
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Critical Interactions: Biology and the Environment | |
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Nutrition and Exercise | |
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Emotions and Sense of Self | |
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Culture | |
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Teratogens | |
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Infectious Diseases | |
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Syphilis | |
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Toxoplasmosis | |
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Other Infections | |
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Rubella (German measles) | |
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | |
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Genital Herpes | |
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HIV/AIDS | |
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Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs | |
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Illegal Drugs | |
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Smoking | |
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Alcohol | |
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Conclusion & Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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For Review | |
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Chapter Review Test | |
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Chapter Objectives | |
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Birth and Newborn | |
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Stages in the Birth Process | |
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Methods of Childbirth | |
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Natural Childbirth | |
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Midwives and Doulas | |
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Home Delivery | |
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Use of Medication | |
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Cesarean Section | |
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Complications and Interventions | |
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Breech Birth | |
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Fetal Monitoring | |
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Use of Instruments | |
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Induced Labor | |
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Oxygen Deprivation | |
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The Rh Factor | |
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Premature Birth | |
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Resilience and Prematurity | |
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Characteristics of Neonates | |
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Sensory Competence | |
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Neonatal Reflexes | |
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Neonatal Assessment Techniques | |
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Postpartum Adjustment | |
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Depression | |
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Bonding | |
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Single-Parent Families | |
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Family Dynamics | |
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Conclusion & Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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For Review | |
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Chapter Review Test | |
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Infancy | |
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Physical Development in Infancy | |
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Developmental Milestones of Infancy | |
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Nutrition | |
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Brain Development | |
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Motor Development | |
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Neonatal Problems | |
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Failure to Thrive | |
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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) | |
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Sleeping | |
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Respiratory Distress Syndrome | |
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Perceptual Development | |
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Visual Perception | |
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Depth Perception | |
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Auditory Perception | |
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Cognitive Development | |
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Piaget's Sensorimotor Period | |
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Evaluation of Piaget | |
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Information Processing in Infancy | |
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Language Development | |
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The Pace of Language Acquisition | |
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Vygotsky's Stages of Language Development | |
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Key Milestones of Language Development | |
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Social and Emotional Development | |
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Children's Developing Relationships | |
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The Role of Reciprocal Interactions | |
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Role of Emotions in Development | |
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Analyzing Emotional Expression | |
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Attachment | |
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Examining Attachment | |
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Attachment Challenges | |
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Temperament | |
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The Dimensions of Temperament | |
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Kagan's Biological Interpretation | |
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Chess and Thomas's Classification of Temperament | |
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Conclusion & Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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For Review | |
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Chapter Review Test | |
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Early Childhood | |
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Physical and Motor Development | |
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Features of Physical Development | |
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Brain Development | |
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Growing Motor Skills | |
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Biopsychosocial Influences on Physical Development | |
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Cognitive Development | |
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Piaget's Preoperational Period | |
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Vygotsky's Theory | |
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Information-Processing Theory | |
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Theory of Mind | |
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Early Childhood Education | |
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Constructivist Approaches to Learning | |
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Head Start | |
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Language Development | |
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Language Rules | |
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Language Irregularities | |
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The Self Emerges | |
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The Development of Self | |
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Social Development | |
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The Role of the Family | |
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Parenting Styles | |
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The Role of Siblings | |
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Children of Divorce | |
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Nonparental Child Care | |
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Gender Development | |
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Definition of Terms | |
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Theories of Gender Development | |
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Acquiring Gender Identity | |
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Gender Stereotyping | |
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The Importance of Play | |
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Kinds of Play | |
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Developmental Aspects of Play | |
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Play Materials | |
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Children's Artwork | |
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Conclusion & Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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For Review | |
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Chapter Review Test | |
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Middle Childhood | |
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Physical Development | |
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Brain Development | |
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Health and Nutrition | |
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Learning Disabilities | |
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Attention Disorders | |
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Cognitive Development | |
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Piaget and Concrete Operations | |
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Gardner and Multiple Intelligences | |
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Sternberg's Triarchic Theory | |
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Intelligence Testing | |
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Critical Thinking and Problem Solving | |
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Problem Solving Strategies | |
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Obstacles to Successful Problem Solving | |
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Moral Development | |
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Piaget's Explanation | |
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Kohlberg's Theory | |
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Gilligan's Ethics of Care | |
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Language Development | |
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Changes in Vocabulary | |
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Theories of Reading Acquisition | |
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The Issue of Literacy | |
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Bilingualism | |
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The Changing Sense of Self | |
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The Developing Self-Concept | |
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Self-Esteem and Competence | |
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Self-Regulation | |
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Social Development | |
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The Role of Family and Friends | |
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The Role of Schools | |
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The Role of Technology | |
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Stress in Middle Childhood | |
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Child Abuse | |
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Resilient Children | |
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Conclusion & Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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For Review | |
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Chapter Review Test | |
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Adolescence | |
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What Is Adolescence and When Does It Start? | |
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Physical Development | |
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When Does Puberty Start? | |
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The Secular Trend | |
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Body Image and Eating Disorders | |
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Cognitive Development | |
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Variables in Cognitive Development: Piaget | |
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Emotions and Brain Development | |
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Adolescent Egocentrism | |
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Information Processing | |
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Critical Thinking | |
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Identity in Adolescence | |
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Erikson's Psychosocial Theory | |
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Marcia's Identity Status | |
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Hill's Biopsychosocial Theory | |
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Social Development | |
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The Role of Family | |
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The Role of Peers | |
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Sexual Identity | |
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Sexual Behavior | |
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Sexual Abuse | |
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Teenage Pregnancy | |
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Mental Health Issues | |
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Suicide | |
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Substance Abuse | |
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Stress | |
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Criminal Behavior | |
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Conclusion & Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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For Review | |
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Chapter Review Test | |
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Early Adulthood | |
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Initiation into Adulthood | |
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Emerging Adulthood in the United States | |
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Physical Development | |
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The Peak Is Reached | |
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Organ Reserve | |
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The Effect of Lifestyle on Health | |
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Rape and Sexual Harassment | |
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Cognitive Development | |
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Piaget and Early Adulthood | |
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Intellectual/Ethical Development | |
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Gender and Sexuality | |
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Aspects of Gender Role | |
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Male and Female Identity | |
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Evolutionary Psychology | |
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Androgyny | |
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Sexual Behavior | |
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Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) | |
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Social Development | |
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Levinson's Concept of Individuation | |
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Erikson's Theory: Intimacy versus Isolation | |
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Friendship | |
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Sternberg: Love Stories | |
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Fromm: Validation | |
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Marriage and the Family | |
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Marital Practices | |
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Changing American Marriages and Families | |
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Same-Sex Relationships | |
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Patterns of Work | |
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Career Development and Work Identity | |
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The Dual-Career Family | |
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Conclusion & Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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For Review | |
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| |
Chapter Review Test | |
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| |
Middle Adulthood | |
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Physical Development | |
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Overall Health | |
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Visual Signs of Aging | |
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Cardiovascular Health | |
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Sensory Abilities - Vision and Hearing | |
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Effects of Health Habits | |
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Sexuality | |
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Cognitive Development | |
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Intelligence | |
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New Views of Intelligence | |
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Information Processing and Expertise | |
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The Role of Creativity | |
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Learning Ability | |
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Social Development | |
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Levinson's Seasons of Life | |
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Erikson's Theory: Generativity versus Stagnation | |
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Stability versus Change | |
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Continuous Traits Theory | |
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Vaillant: Predictive Power | |
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Friendships | |
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Marriage and the Family | |
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Marriage at Middle Age | |
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Divorce in Middle Adulthood | |
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Relationships with Aging Parents | |
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Relationships with Siblings | |
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Patterns of Work | |
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Work-Family Conflict | |
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Mid-career Challenges | |
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| |
Coping with Stress | |
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Risk and Resilience | |
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| |
Conclusion & Summary | |
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| |
Key Terms | |
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For Review | |
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| |
Chapter Review Test | |
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Late Adulthood | |
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| |
Must We Age and Die? | |
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| |
Life Expectancy | |
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| |
Physiological Theories of Aging | |
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Aging by Program | |
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| |
Homeostatic Imbalance | |
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| |
Cross-Linkage Theory | |
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| |
Autoimmunity | |
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| |
Genetic Theories of Aging | |
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| |
Centenarians | |
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| |
Other Modifiers of Aging | |
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| |
Physical Development | |
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| |
Reaction Time | |
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Sensory Abilities | |
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Other Body Systems | |
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General Health | |
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| |
Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke | |
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| |
Substance Abuse | |
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| |
Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia | |
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| |
Mental Health | |
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| |
Cognitive Development | |
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| |
Tests versus Observations | |
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Creativity | |
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Wisdom | |
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Memory | |
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Language | |
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| |
Social Development | |
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| |
Erikson's Theory: Integrity versus Despair | |
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| |
Gender and Sexuality | |
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| |
Aging and the Family | |
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| |
Widowhood | |
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| |
Care of Elderly Parents | |
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| |
The Changing Role of the Grandparent | |
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| |
The Role of Peers | |
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| |
| |
Patterns of Work | |
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| |
| |
Performance | |
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| |
| |
Retirement | |
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| |
| |
Conclusion & Summary | |
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| |
| |
Key Terms | |
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| |
| |
For Review | |
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| |
| |
Chapter Review Test | |
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| |
| |
Chapter Objectives | |
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| |
| |
Dying and Spirituality | |
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| |
The Role of Death in Life | |
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| |
| |
What Is Death? | |
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| |
| |
Four Types of Death | |
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| |
| |
The Legal Definition of Death | |
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| |
| |
Lifespan Perspectives on Death | |
| |
| |
| |
The Role of Grief | |
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| |
| |
Unresolved Grief | |
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| |
| |
Firsthand Experience with Grief | |
| |
| |
| |
The Role of the Funeral | |
| |
| |
| |
Dealing Successfully with One's Own Death | |
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| |
| |
Death with Dignity | |
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The Hospice: "A Better Way of Dying" | |
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Suicide: The Rejection of Life | |
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The Overall Picture | |
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The Influence of Gender | |
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Spirituality | |
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Religious Participation | |
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Frankl's Theory of Spirituality | |
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Jung's Theory of Spirituality | |
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Wilson's Theory of Spirituality | |
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If I Had My Life to Live Over | |
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Conclusion & Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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For Review | |
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Chapter Review Test | |
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Putting It All Together: LifeSpan Development in Action | |
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Lifespan Development - It's All About You | |
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Putting Theory into Practice | |
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The Field of Lifespan Development | |
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Meet the Stakeholders | |
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New Horizons | |
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Current Concerns and Controversies | |
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How History Informs Change | |
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Leadership Opportunities | |
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Professionalism in the Field of Lifespan Development | |
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Career Choices and Considerations | |
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Effort Rewarded: Financial vs. Emotional Compensation | |
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Responsibility to Self and Others | |
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Advocacy in the Field of Lifespan Development | |
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Surveying the Landscape | |
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Implications for Policy and Practice | |
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Legislation and Lifespan Development | |
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Conclusion & Summary | |
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Key Terms | |
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For Review | |
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Chapter Review Test | |