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Civilizations of the Ancient World | |
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Civilizations of the Ancient Near East | |
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Primary Sources | |
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Using Primary Sources: Laws of Hammurabi | |
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The Laws of Hammurabi | |
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The Epic of Gilgamesh | |
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Hymn to the Nile | |
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Hymn to the Pharaoh | |
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The Old Testament-Genesis and Exodus | |
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The Aton Hymn and Psalm 104: The Egyptians and the Hebrews | |
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Visual Sources | |
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Using Visual Sources: The “Royal Standard” of Ur | |
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Sumer: The “Royal Standard” of Ur (illustration) | |
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Egyptian Wall Paintings from the Tomb of Menna (illustration) | |
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The Environment and the Rise of Civilization in the Ancient Near East (maps) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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Using Secondary Sources: The Agricultural Revolution | |
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The Agricultural Revolution | |
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The Process of Civilization | |
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Freedom in the Ancient World: Civilization in Sumer | |
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The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man | |
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Daily Life in Ancient Egypt: The Afterlife | |
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Women of Egypt and the Ancient Near East | |
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A History of the Jews | |
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The Emergence of Greek Civilization | |
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Primary Sources | |
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Homer, The Iliad | |
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Hesiod, Works and Days | |
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A Colonization Agreement | |
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Semonides of Amorgos, Poem on Women | |
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Theognis of Megara, Aristocrats and Tyrants | |
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Solon, Early Athens | |
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Xenophon, Constitution of the Lacedaemonians | |
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Visual Sources | |
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Trade, Culture, and Colonization (photo) | |
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Migration and Colonization (maps) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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The End of the Mycenaean World | |
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Greek Realities: The Homeric Epics | |
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Social Values and Ethics in the "Dark Age" of Greece | |
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The Greek Experience: The Heroic Outlook | |
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Classical and Hellenistic Greece | |
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Primary Sources | |
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Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War: The Historical Method | |
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Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War: Athens During the Golden Age | |
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Sophocles, Antigone | |
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Plato, The Republic | |
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Aristotle, Politics | |
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Xenophon, Household Management | |
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Hippocrates, Medicine and Magic | |
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Epicurus, Individual Happiness | |
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Visual Sources | |
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Education (photo) | |
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The Women’s Quarters (illustration) | |
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The Dying Niobide: The Classical Balance (photo) | |
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The Old Market Woman: Hellenistic Individualism (photo) | |
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Geography and Political Configurations in Greece (map) | |
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Seondary Sources | |
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Goddess, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women and Work in Athens | |
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The Greeks: Slavery | |
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The Ancient Greeks: Decline of the Polls | |
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Alexander the Great | |
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Greek Realities | |
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The Rise of Rome | |
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Primary Sources | |
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Polybius, Histories: The Roman Constitution | |
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Cicero, The Education of a Roman Gentleman | |
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Quintus Lucretius Vespillo, Eulogoy for a Roman Wife | |
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Plautus, Menaechmi: Roman Slavery | |
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Sallust, The Conspiracy of Catiline: Decline of the Republic | |
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Visual Sources | |
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Evidence from Coins (photo) | |
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The Geographic and Cultural Environment (map) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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The Ancient City: Religious Practices | |
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Life and Leisure: The Roman Aristrocrat | |
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Roman Women | |
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The Roman Empire and the Rise of Christianity | |
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Primary Sources | |
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Pliny the Younger, Letters: The Daily Life of a Roman Governor | |
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Meditations: Ideals of an Emperor and Stoic Philosopher | |
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Pliny the Younger and Trajan, Rome and the Early Christians | |
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A Roman Sarcophagus: Picturing the Bible | |
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The Gospel According to St. Matthew | |
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Epistle to the Romans | |
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The City of God | |
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The Germanic Tribes | |
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The Fall of Rome | |
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Visual Sources | |
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Carved Gemstone: Augustus and the Empire Transformed (photo) | |
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Tomb Decoration: Death and Roman Culture(photo) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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The Roman Empire: The Place of Augustus | |
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Pagan and Christian: The Appeal of Christianity | |
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Women of the Roman Empire | |
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The Later Roman Empire | |
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The Middle Ages | |
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The Early Middle Ages | |
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Primary Sources | |
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Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks | |
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The Origins of Feudalism | |
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Charlemagne, Instructions to the Subjects of Charlemagne's Empire | |
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Einhard, War and Conversion Under Charlemagne | |
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The Annals of Xanten, Disorder and Destruction | |
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The Wanderer: Life of a Medieval Warrior | |
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Visual Sources | |
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Illustration from a Gospel Book: Christianity and Early Medieval Culture (illustration) | |
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Painting from an Illuminated Bible: Secular and Religious Authority (illustration) | |
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Contraction in the Early Middle Ages (maps) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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Mohammed and Charlemagne: The Beginnings of Medieval Civilization | |
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The Carolingian West: The Genesis of Feudal Relationships | |
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An Evaluation of Feudalism | |
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Sanctity and Power: The Dual Pursuit of Medieval Women | |
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The Medieval East | |
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Primary Sources | |
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The Qur'an | |
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Letter to Umar II: Islamic Asceticism | |
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Avicenna, Autobiography of a Muslim Scholar | |
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The Institutes of Justinian: Byzantium and the Legacy of Roman Law | |
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The Rus: Cross-Cultural Contact | |
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Visual Sources | |
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Manuscript Illuminations: Scenes from the Life of Muhammad (illustrations) | |
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Empress Theodors with her Retinue (illustration) | |
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The Byzantine Empire and the Expansion of Islam (maps) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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Byzantium: The Empire of New Rome | |
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The Arabs in History | |
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The Expansion of Islam | |
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The Islamic World | |
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The Eastern Orientation of Islam | |
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The High Middle Ages: The Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries | |
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Primary Sources | |
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Pope Gregory VII, Letters: Secular and Ecclesiastical Authority | |
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Reginald of Durham, The Life of Saint Gidric: A Merchant Adventurer | |
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Andreas Capellanus, The Art of Courtly Love | |
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Gratian, The Decretum: Medieval Women-Not in God’s Image | |
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Visual Sources | |
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The Gospel Book of Otto III: Church and State (illustration) | |
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The Bayeux Tapestry (illustration) | |
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Medieval Expansion (maps) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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Medieval Values | |
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The Mold for Medieval Women: Social Status | |
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The Merchant | |
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The Making of the Middle Ages: Serfdom | |
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Feudal Society: The Psychic World of Medieval People | |
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The High Middle Ages: The Crusades and the East | |
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Primary Sources | |
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The Opening of the Crusades | |
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Ekkehard of Aurach, Crusaders’ Motives | |
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Inducements for the Crusades | |
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The Alexiad: A Byzantine View of the Crusades | |
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Memoirs: European and Muslim Interactions | |
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Visual Sources | |
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Conflict and Cultural Exchange (illustration) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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The Meaning of the Crusades | |
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The Significance of | |
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The Byzantine Empire: Defeat, Decline, and Resilience | |
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The High Middle Ages: The Thirteenth Century | |
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Primary Sources | |
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Papal Proclamation of Supremacy | |
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Archbishop Eudes of Rouen, A Church Register: Clerical Administration | |
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St. Francis of Assisi, The Rule of St. Francis | |
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Summa Theologica | |
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Frederick II, Political Authority: The Emperor, the Princes, and the Towns | |
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Decrees of the Hanseatic League | |
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Ordinances of the Guild Merchants of Southampton | |
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Bartholomaeus Anglicus, Chambermaids | |
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Visual Sources | |
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Medieval Life (illustration) | |
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Secularization and the Medieval Knight (illustration) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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The Outlaws of Medieval Legend: Social Rank and Injustice | |
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Life in Cities: Violence and Fear | |
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Solitude | |
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Ecological Conditions and Demographic Change | |
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The Late Middle Ages | |
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Primary Sources | |
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Attack on the Papacy: The Conciliar Movement | |
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Manual of the Inquisitor | |
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The Rebellions of 1381 | |
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The Decameron: The Plague in Florence | |
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Statue of Laborers | |
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The Canterbury Tales | |
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The Goodman of Paris: Instructions on Being a Good Wife | |
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Visual Sources | |
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The Church Besieged (illustration) | |
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The Triumph of Death (illustration) | |
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Unrest in the Late Middle Ages (map) | |
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Food and Crime (chart) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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The Crisis of the Late Middle Ages | |
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The Great Mortality | |
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The Black Death: A Socioeconomic Perspective | |
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The Waywain: Greed, Chaos, and Doom | |
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Renaissance, Reformation, and Expansion | |
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The Renaissance | |
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Primary Sources | |
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A Letter to Boccaccio: Literary Humanism | |
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On the Liberal Arts | |
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The City of Ladies | |
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The Prince | |
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The Book of the Courtier | |
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Visual Sources | |
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The Moneylender and his Wife | |
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Raphael, The School of Athens: Art and Classical Culture (illustration) | |
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Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride: Symbolism and the Northern Renaissance (illustration) | |
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Wealth, Culture, and Diplomacy (illustration) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy | |
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The Myth of the Renaissance | |
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Machiavelli and the Renaissance | |
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Northern Sources of the Renaissance | |
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The Reformation | |
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Primary Sources | |
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The Spark for the Reformation: Indulgences | |
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Justification by Faith | |
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On the Bondage of the Will | |
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Condemnation of Peasant Revolt | |
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Institutes of the Christian Religion: Predestination | |
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Constitution of the Society of Jesus | |
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Teresa of Avila, The Way of Perfection | |
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Visual Sources | |
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Luther and the New Testament (illustration) | |
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Luther and the Catholic Clergy Debate (illustration) | |
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Loyola and Catholic Reform (illustration) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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What was the Reformation? | |
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A Political Interpretation of the Reformation | |
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The Catholic Reformation | |
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The Legacy of the Reformation | |
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Women in the Reformation | |
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Overseas Expansion and New Politics | |
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Primary Sources | |
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The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea | |
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Letter to Lord Sanchez, 1493 | |
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Memoirs: The Aztecs | |
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Letter to Charles V: Finance and Politics | |
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Visual Sources | |
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The Assets and Liabilities of Empire (text and illustration) | |
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Hans Holbein the Younger, Portrait of the Merchant Heorg Gisze | |
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The Conquest of Mexico as Seen by the Aztecs (illustration) | |
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Exploration, Expansion, and Politics (maps) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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The Expansion of Europe | |
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The Effects of Expansion on the Non-European World | |
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Red, White, and Black: The Peoples of Early America | |
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The Early Modern Period | |
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War and Revolution: 1560-1660 | |
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Primary Sources | |
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Civil War in France | |
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Richelieu, Political Will and Testament | |
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The Powers of the Monarch in England | |
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The House of Commons, The Powers of Parliament in England | |
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The Hammer of Witches | |
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Visual Sources | |
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The Surrender of Breda (illustration) | |
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War and Violence (illustration) | |
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Leviathan: Political Order and Political Theory (text and illustration) | |
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Germany and the Thirty Years’ War (maps) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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A Political Interpretation of the Thirty Years’ War | |
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A Religious Interpretation of the Thirty Years’ War | |
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War and Peace in the Old Regime | |
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The Causes of the English Civil War | |
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The Devil’s Handmaid: Women in the Age of Reformations | |
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Aristocracy and Absolutism in the Seventeenth Century | |
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Primary Sources | |
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Austria Over All If She Only Will: Mercantilism | |
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The Great Elector, A Secret Letter: Monarchical Authority in Prussia | |
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Saint-Simon, Memoirs: The Aristocracy Undermined in France | |
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Second Treatise of Civil Government: Legislative Power | |
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Visual Sources | |
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The Early Modern Chateau (photo) | |
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Maternal Care (illustration) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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Absolutism: Myth and Reality | |
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The English Revolution, 1688-1689 | |
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The World We Have Lost: The Early Modern Family | |
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The Scientific Revolution | |
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Primary Sources | |
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The Discourse on Method | |
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Letter to Christina of Tuscany: Science and Scripture | |
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The Papal Inquisition of 1633: Galileo Condemned | |
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Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy | |
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Visual Sources | |
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A Vision of the New Science (illustration) | |
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Secondary Sources | |
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Early Modern Europe: Motives for the Scientific Revolution | |
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Childhood in Early Modern Times | |
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No Scientific Revolution for Women | |
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