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| List of Maps | |
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| List of Charts and Genealogies | |
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| Preface to the Seventh Edition | |
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| Preface to the First Edition | |
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| Geographic Prologue | |
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| Pre-Islamic Politics and Society in the Middle East | |
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| Muhammad: His Life and Leadership | |
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| The Establishment of the Muslim State | |
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| The Spread and Organization of the Muslim Empire Under the Umayyads | |
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| The Flowering of the Muslim World Under the Early Abbasids | |
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| Islam | |
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| Muslim Theology and Law | |
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| Muslim Civilization in the Middle East | |
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| Social Patterns | |
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| The Early Medieval Middle East | |
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| The Late Medieval Middle East | |
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| The Byzantine Empire | |
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| Ottoman Origins and Early History | |
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| The Winning of the Ottoman Empire | |
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| Expansion of the Ottoman Empire | |
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| Institutions of the Ottoman Empire | |
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| The Ottoman Empire as a World Power | |
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| The Flowering and Collapse of Safavid Iran | |
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| The Transformation of the Ottoman Empire | |
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| The Retreat of the Ottoman Empire Begins | |
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| The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon | |
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| Mahmud II: Greek Nationalism and Ottoman Reform | |
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| Mehmet Ali, Ismail, and the Development of Egypt | |
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| Ottoman Tanzimat and European Ambitions | |
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| Abdulhamid II and Autocratic Reform | |
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| The Young Turks and Nationalism | |
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| British Occupation of Egypt and the Sudan | |
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| Qajar Iran and Reform | |
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| Iran's Constitutional Revolution | |
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| Impact of World War I upon the Middle East | |
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| The Turkish Republic Under Ataturk | |
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| Iran Between the Two World Wars | |
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| Egypt, the Sudan, and Libya | |
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| Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq Under the Mandate System | |
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| Palestine and Transjordan | |
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| World War II and the Middle East | |
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| Turkey from 1945 to 1980 | |
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| Turkey Becomes More Democratic | |
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| Iran: Oil, Nationalism, Royal Dictatorship, and Social Change | |
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| The Islamic Republic of Iran | |
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| Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Wars in Afghanistan | |
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| The Partition of Palestine: Israel and Hashimite Jordan | |
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| Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinians After 1973 | |
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| The Egyptian Republic and Independent Sudan | |
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| Egypt, Sudan, and Libya Since 1970 | |
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| Independent Lebanon and Syria | |
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| Iraq After World War II | |
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| Smaller Arabian States | |
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| Saudi Arabia, Oil, and O.P.E.C | |
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| Trends Since 1945 | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Chronology | |
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| List of Websites | |
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| Index | |