| |
| |
| |
| The Idea of Politics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Politics: Setting the Stage | |
| |
| |
| Politics | |
| |
| |
| Politics as the Making of Common Decisions | |
| |
| |
| Politics as the Exercise of Power | |
| |
| |
| Politics as the Exercise of Choice | |
| |
| |
| Power and Choice | |
| |
| |
| Politics of the State | |
| |
| |
| Political Science | |
| |
| |
| The Pleasures of Politics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Modern Ideologies and Political Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| American Ideologies | |
| |
| |
| Liberalism | |
| |
| |
| The Conservative Reaction | |
| |
| |
| The Socialist Alternative | |
| |
| |
| Communism and Socialism | |
| |
| |
| Fascism | |
| |
| |
| Ideologies in the Twenty-first Century | |
| |
| |
| Religion, Politics, and Political Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| Political Philosophy in Other Historical Eras | |
| |
| |
| |
| The State and Public Policy | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Modern State | |
| |
| |
| The Development of the Modern State | |
| |
| |
| The Origin of States: Power or Choice? | |
| |
| |
| The State as a Device to Provide Public Goods | |
| |
| |
| "State," "Nation," and the "Nation-State" | |
| |
| |
| State-Building | |
| |
| |
| Government and the State | |
| |
| |
| Challenges to the State | |
| |
| |
| Some Possible Alternatives | |
| |
| |
| Example: State Building in Nigeria | |
| |
| |
| Example: State Building in the European Union | |
| |
| |
| |
| Policies of the State | |
| |
| |
| The Role of Government in the Third World | |
| |
| |
| Constraints and Conditions for Policy | |
| |
| |
| Defense Policy | |
| |
| |
| Education | |
| |
| |
| Research and Development | |
| |
| |
| Health and Social Welfare | |
| |
| |
| Democracy and Public Policy | |
| |
| |
| The Place of Power in Policy Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Example: The Demographic Challenge | |
| |
| |
| Example: Economic Development Compared with "Human Development" | |
| |
| |
| Example: Uganda: An African AIDS Success Story | |
| |
| |
| |
| Economic Policy of the State | |
| |
| |
| Economic Performance 1: Growth | |
| |
| |
| Economic Performance 2: Controlling Inflation and Unemployment | |
| |
| |
| Managing Distribution to Address inequality | |
| |
| |
| Independent Central Banks | |
| |
| |
| Corruption | |
| |
| |
| Other Measures Available to Government | |
| |
| |
| Globalization: Are States Losing their Ability to Make Economic Policy? | |
| |
| |
| Political Economy | |
| |
| |
| Example: Economic Policy in Germany | |
| |
| |
| Example: Economic Policy in Indonesia | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Lies Behind Policy: Questions of Justice and Efficiency | |
| |
| |
| The Problem of Justice | |
| |
| |
| Other Aspects of Justice: Procedural Justice | |
| |
| |
| Effectiveness | |
| |
| |
| A Basic Question of Effectiveness: Authority Versus the Market | |
| |
| |
| The Need to Act, Even Under Uncertainty | |
| |
| |
| Example: Political Choice | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Citizen and the Regime | |
| |
| |
| |
| Democracy and Autocracy | |
| |
| |
| Democracy | |
| |
| |
| The Coming and Going of Democracy | |
| |
| |
| Possible Explanations | |
| |
| |
| What Did We Learn From the Third Wave? | |
| |
| |
| Why Are Prosperous Countries Likely to Be Democracies? | |
| |
| |
| Democracy and Freedom | |
| |
| |
| Democracy and Capitalism | |
| |
| |
| Autocracy | |
| |
| |
| Military Government | |
| |
| |
| Why Aren't There More Military Governments? | |
| |
| |
| One-Party States | |
| |
| |
| Monarchies and Theocracies | |
| |
| |
| Democracy Versus Autocracy: Material Considerations | |
| |
| |
| "Power and Choice" Again | |
| |
| |
| Example: Democratization in Spain | |
| |
| |
| Example: Fragile Democracy in Peru | |
| |
| |
| Example: Theocracy in Iran | |
| |
| |
| |
| How Individuals Relate to the State, and the State to the Individual | |
| |
| |
| Legitimacy and Authority | |
| |
| |
| Sources of Legitimacy | |
| |
| |
| The "Democratic Citizen" | |
| |
| |
| How Well are These Requirements Met? | |
| |
| |
| Social Capital | |
| |
| |
| Political Culture | |
| |
| |
| An Application of Political Culture: Robert Kagan's Of Paradise and Power | |
| |
| |
| Religion and Politics | |
| |
| |
| Political Socialization | |
| |
| |
| Example: Building Authority and Legitimacy in West Germany After World War II | |
| |
| |
| Example: Declining Democratic legitimacy in the United States | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Apparatus of Governance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Constitutions and the Design of Government | |
| |
| |
| Variations in Formality | |
| |
| |
| The Virtue of Vagueness | |
| |
| |
| Other Principles of Constitutional Design | |
| |
| |
| Constitution-Writing | |
| |
| |
| The Geographic Concentration of Power | |
| |
| |
| "Federal" and "Unitary" States | |
| |
| |
| The Distinction Between "Unitary" and "Centralized" States | |
| |
| |
| How Much Centralization is Good? | |
| |
| |
| Constitutions and Guarantees of Rights | |
| |
| |
| "Constitutionalism" and the Rule of Law | |
| |
| |
| Example: Constitutional Government in Great Britain | |
| |
| |
| Example: Constitutional Government in Russia | |
| |
| |
| |
| Elections | |
| |
| |
| Elections as a Means of Building Support | |
| |
| |
| Elections as a Means of Selecting Leaders and Policies | |
| |
| |
| Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
| Referendums | |
| |
| |
| Electoral Participation | |
| |
| |
| Effects of Choice and Information on Turnout | |
| |
| |
| The Paradox of Voting | |
| |
| |
| The Bases of Individuals' Electoral Choices | |
| |
| |
| Example: Proportional Representation Elections in Israel | |
| |
| |
| Example: Elections in Nigeria | |
| |
| |
| |
| Parties: A Linking and Leading Mechanism in Politics | |
| |
| |
| The Political Party | |
| |
| |
| Origins of the Modern Party | |
| |
| |
| Political Parties and the Mobilization of the Masses | |
| |
| |
| Political Parties and the Recruitment and Socialization of Leaders | |
| |
| |
| Political Parties as a Source of Political Identity | |
| |
| |
| Political Parties as a Channel of Control | |
| |
| |
| Party Organization | |
| |
| |
| Party Finance | |
| |
| |
| Political Party Systems | |
| |
| |
| Power and Choice | |
| |
| |
| Example: The Communist Party of China | |
| |
| |
| Example: Canada's Political Parties | |
| |
| |
| |
| Structured Conflict: Interest Groups and Politics | |
| |
| |
| Interest Groups and Representation | |
| |
| |
| Types of Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
| Tactics of Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
| Patterns of Organized Interest-Group Activity | |
| |
| |
| Pluralism | |
| |
| |
| Neocorporatism | |
| |
| |
| Pluralism and Neocorporatism: Power and Choice | |
| |
| |
| Example: Interest Groups in France | |
| |
| |
| Example: Interest Groups in Japan: Attenuated Neocorporatism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Social Movements and Contentious Politics | |
| |
| |
| Why Now? | |
| |
| |
| Social Movements as a Public Goods Problem | |
| |
| |
| Advantages (and Disadvantages) of Informal Organization | |
| |
| |
| Example: The Rubber Tappers of Acre | |
| |
| |
| Example: The "Orange Revolution" in Ukraine | |
| |
| |
| |
| National Decision-Making Institutions: Parliamentary Government | |
| |
| |
| Head of State | |
| |
| |
| The Cabinet | |
| |
| |
| Cabinet Control | |
| |
| |
| What Does A Parliament Do? | |
| |
| |
| Parliamentary Committees | |
| |
| |
| Advantages and Disadvantages of Parliamentary Government | |
| |
| |
| Let's Make Sure I Haven't Made This Sound Too Simple | |
| |
| |
| "Consensus" Parliamentarism | |
| |
| |
| Parliaments in Autocratic Systems | |
| |
| |
| Example: Parliamentary Government in India | |
| |
| |
| Example: Parliamentary Government in Germany | |
| |
| |
| |
| National Decision-Making Institutions: Presidential Government | |
| |
| |
| Presidential and Parliamentary Systems Compared | |
| |
| |
| Responsibility for Policy | |
| |
| |
| Presidential Systems and Comprehensive Policy | |
| |
| |
| Recruitment of Executive Leaders | |
| |
| |
| Review and Control of the Executive | |
| |
| |
| Flexibility of the Political Process | |
| |
| |
| The Split Executive of Parliamentary Systems | |
| |
| |
| Why Aren't All Democracies parliamentary Systems? | |
| |
| |
| Democracy and the Question of Accountability | |
| |
| |
| A Note on Institutions and Power | |
| |
| |
| Example: Presidential Hybrid in France | |
| |
| |
| Example: Presidential Government in Mexico | |
| |
| |
| |
| Bureaucracy and the Public Sector | |
| |
| |
| Public Administration as a Political Problem | |
| |
| |
| Characteristics of Good Public Administration | |
| |
| |
| "Bureaucracy": A Reform of the Nineteenth Century | |
| |
| |
| Bureaucracy Versus Flexibility | |
| |
| |
| The Problem of Protected Incompetence | |
| |
| |
| Adjustments to Bureaucracy | |
| |
| |
| Social Representativeness of Public Administration | |
| |
| |
| Example: The French Bureaucracy | |
| |
| |
| Example: Bureaucratic Cultures in Europe and Africa | |
| |
| |
| |
| Law and the Courts | |
| |
| |
| Anglo-Saxon Case Law | |
| |
| |
| Continental European Code Law | |
| |
| |
| The Blending of Case Law and Code Law | |
| |
| |
| Religious Law: The Sharia | |
| |
| |
| Courts | |
| |
| |
| Judicial Review | |
| |
| |
| Example: The Law in China | |
| |
| |
| Example: The European Court of Justice | |
| |
| |
| |
| International Politics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Global Politics: Politics Among States (And Others) | |
| |
| |
| The Evolution of the International System Since World War II | |
| |
| |
| The World Since the Cold War | |
| |
| |
| International Politics | |
| |
| |
| The Absence of Central Authority | |
| |
| |
| Fiduciary Political Roles and International Morality | |
| |
| |
| Impediments to Political Communication | |
| |
| |
| Power and International Politics | |
| |
| |
| The Process of International Politics | |
| |
| |
| Power and Choice in International Politics | |
| |
| |
| Example: An International Failure: Rwanda | |
| |
| |
| Example: The United Nations | |
| |
| |
| Appendix: Principles of Political Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Falsifiability | |
| |
| |
| What Makes a Statement Interesting? | |
| |
| |
| Causation and Explanation | |
| |
| |
| Historical Explanation | |
| |
| |
| A Few Common Pitfalls in Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |