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| Preface | |
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| Renal Functions, Anatomy, and Basic Processes | |
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| Functions | |
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| Anatomy of the Kidneys and Urinary System | |
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| The Nephron | |
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| Blood Supply to the Nephrons | |
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| Basic Renal Processes | |
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| Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration | |
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| Glomerular Filtration and Renal Blood Flow | |
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| Flow, Resistance, and Pressure in the Kidneys | |
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| Glomerular Filtration | |
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| Autoregulation | |
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| Clearance | |
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| Clearance Units | |
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| Plasma Creatinine and Urea Concentrations as Indicators of GFR Changes | |
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| Basic Transport Mechanisms | |
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| Crossing the Epithelial Barriers | |
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| Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and Transcytosis | |
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| Transport Mechanisms in Reabsorption | |
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| Renal Handling of Organic Substances | |
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| Active Proximal Reabsorption of Organic Nutrients (eg, Glucose, Amino Acids) | |
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| Proteins and Peptides | |
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| Active Proximal Secretion of Organic Anions | |
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| Active Proximal Secretion of Organic Cations | |
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| pH Dependence of Passive Reabsorption or Secretion | |
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| Urea | |
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| Basic Renal Processes for Sodium, Chloride, and Water | |
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| Overview | |
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| Individual Tubular Segments | |
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| Urinary Concentration: The Medullary Osmotic Gradient | |
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| Control of Sodium and Water Excretion: Regulation of Plasma Volume and Plasma Osmolality and Renal Control of Systemic Blood Pressure | |
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| Regulation of Blood Pressure | |
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| Contribution of the Kidney to the Regulation of Sodium Excretion and Blood Pressure | |
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| Control of Water Excretion | |
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| Renal Regulation of Potassium Balance | |
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| Regulation of Potassium Between the Intracellular and Extracellular Compartments | |
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| Renal Potassium Handling | |
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| Regulation of Hydrogen Ion Balance | |
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| Guidelines for Studying Acid-Base Biology | |
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| Renal Handling of Acids and Bases | |
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| Renal Excretion of Acid and Base | |
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| Hydrogen Ion Excretion on Urinary Buffers | |
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| Phosphate and Organic Acids as Buffers | |
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| Hydrogen Ion Excretion on Ammonium | |
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| Quantification of Renal Acid-Base Excretion | |
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| Regulation of the Renal Handling of Acids and Bases | |
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| Control of Renal Glutamine Metabolism and NH4+ Excretion | |
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| Intravenous Solutions: Lactated Ringer's | |
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| Specific Categories of Acid-Base Disorders | |
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| Renal Response to Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis | |
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| Factors Causing the Kidneys to Generate or Maintain A Metabolic Alkalosis | |
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| Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Balance | |
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| Effector Sites for Calcium Balance | |
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| Hormonal Control of Effector Sites | |
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| PTH | |
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| Overview of Renal Phosphate Handling | |
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| Answers to Study Questions | |
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| Index | |