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Introduction | |
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Biomolecules and Energy | |
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Review of Molecular Forces | |
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Formation of Hydrogen Bonds | |
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Building Blocks and Reagents: Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids | |
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Energy | |
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Summary | |
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Quiz | |
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Cell Structures and Cell Division | |
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The Barrier: Cell Membranes | |
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The Genetic Material: The Nucleus | |
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The Energy System: Mitochondria | |
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Control of Cell Chemistry | |
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Ribosomes | |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum | |
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Golgi Apparatus | |
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Transporting Material and Waste Elimination | |
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Cell Duplication-Mitosis | |
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Sexual Reproduction-Meiosis | |
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Summary | |
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Quiz | |
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Information Methods of a Cell | |
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History | |
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Forming the Code | |
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Coding for Proteins | |
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Transcription | |
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Mutations | |
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Translation | |
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The Rest of the DNA...Is It Junk? | |
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One Gene, One Protein...NOT! | |
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Control of Protein Production | |
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Summary | |
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Quiz | |
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Genetics | |
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Mendelian Genetics | |
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Sex-Linked Characteristics | |
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Inheritance of Characteristics Controlled by More Than One Gene or Pair of Alleles | |
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Mutations | |
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Genetic Diseases | |
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Influence of Environment | |
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Gene Therapy | |
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Summary | |
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Quiz | |
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Immunology | |
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Antigens | |
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Antibodies | |
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Structure of Antibodies | |
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Cell-mediated Immunity | |
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Immune Response to Proteins | |
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Other Components of Immunity | |
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Summary | |
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Quiz | |
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Immunotherapy and Other Bioengineering Applications | |
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Nonspecific Immune Stimulation | |
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Antisera | |
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Monoclonal Antibodies | |
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Nanobodies | |
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A Library of Antibodies | |
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ELISA | |
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Other Assays Using Monoclonal Antibodies | |
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Autoimmune Disease | |
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Cancer | |
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Addictive Disorders | |
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Allograft Rejection | |
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Summary | |
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Quiz | |
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Recombinant Techniques and Deciphering DNA | |
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Recombinant Techniques | |
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Deciphering DNA | |
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Summary | |
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Quiz | |
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Proteomics | |
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One Gene, More Than One Protein | |
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Structure of Proteins | |
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Protein Folding and Misfolding | |
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Proteolysis-Protein Breakdown | |
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Reducing Protein Misfolding in Bioengineered Systems | |
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Famous Misfolded Proteins | |
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Research into Protein Type and Function | |
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Summary | |
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Quiz | |
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Reference | |
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Stem Cells | |
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Somatic Cells, Germ Cells, Stem Cells, Adult Stem Cells, and Embryonic Stem Cells | |
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Adult Stem Cells | |
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Embryonic Stem Cells | |
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Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-Cloning | |
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Controversy and Legal Constraints | |
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Summary | |
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Quiz | |
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Medical Applications | |
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Recombinant DNA | |
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Vaccines | |
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Production of rDNA Proteins Using Bacteria, Yeast Cells, and Mammalian Cells | |
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Products from Transgenic Animals | |
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Transgenic Plants/Biofarms | |
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The rDNA Protein Market | |
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Alternatives for Protein Therapeutics-Upcoming Technology | |
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Protein Therapeutics/Protein Misfoldinq | |
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Antisense Technology and Prevention of Viral Infections | |
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Use of Ribozymes in Viral Infections and Cancer Therapy | |
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Forensics | |
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DNA Sequencing | |
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Detection of Bacteria, Viruses, and Fungi | |
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Detection of Mutations | |
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Summary | |
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Quiz | |
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References | |
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Agricultural Applications | |
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Current GM Crops | |
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Herbicide Tolerance | |
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Insect Resistance | |
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Pathogen Resistance | |
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Nutritional Enhancements | |
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Hardiness | |
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Control of Seeds | |
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Other Controversies Involving GM Crops | |
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Future GM Crops | |
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Bioengineering of Livestock | |
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Feeding the World | |
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Summary | |
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Quiz | |
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References | |
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Industrial and Environmental Applications | |
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Use of Bioreagents in Industry | |
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Finding Suitable Bioreagents | |
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Modifying Enzymes and Molecule Sex | |
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Inside or Outside of the Cell | |
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Bioreactors | |
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Environmental Applications-Hazardous Waste | |
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Environmental Applications-Air Emissions | |
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Summary | |
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Quiz | |
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References | |
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The Future | |
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The Legal Dilemmas | |
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Public Confidence | |
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The Issue of Labeling | |
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Genetic Pollution | |
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Bioethics | |
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Developing Nations | |
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Worst Case Scenarios | |
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Summary | |
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Quiz | |
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References | |
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Final Exam | |
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Answers to Quiz and Exam Questions | |
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Index | |