| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction to Electricity | |
| |
| |
| |
Basic Theory of Electricity | |
| |
| |
| |
Electrical Measurements and Circuits | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Simple Electric Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Checkup on Fractions (Diagnostic Tests) | |
| |
| |
| |
Brushup on Fractions | |
| |
| |
| |
Ohm's Law | |
| |
| |
| |
Checkup on Decimals (Diagnostic Test) | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction to Decimals | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction to the Metric System | |
| |
| |
| |
Brushup on Decimals | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Working with Decimals | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Formulas | |
| |
| |
| |
Checkup on Formulas in Electrical Work (Diagnostic Test) | |
| |
| |
| |
Brushup on Formulas | |
| |
| |
| |
Positive and Negative Numbers | |
| |
| |
| |
Checkup on Using Formulas with Exponents (Diagnostic Test) | |
| |
| |
| |
Brushup on Formulas Containing Exponents | |
| |
| |
| |
Powers of 10 | |
| |
| |
| |
Units of Measurement in Electronics | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Electronic Units of Measurement in Simple Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Solving the Ohm's Law Formula for Current or Resistance | |
| |
| |
| |
Estimating Answers | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Ohm's Law | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Series Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Voltage, Current, and Resistance in Series Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Ohm's Law in Series Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Ohm's Law for Total Values in Series Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Power Distribution Line Currents | |
| |
| |
| |
Ground-Fault Protection | |
| |
| |
| |
Intermediate Review of Series Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Checkup on Formulas Involving Addition and Subtraction (Diagnostic Test) | |
| |
| |
| |
Brushup on Formulas Involving Addition and Subtraction | |
| |
| |
| |
Control of Current in a Series Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Series Circuits | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Parallel Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Total Voltage, Total Current, and Total Resistance in Parallel Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Ohm's Law in Parallel Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Check on Addition and Subtraction of Fractions (Diagnostic Test) | |
| |
| |
| |
Brushup on Addition of Fractions | |
| |
| |
| |
Brushup on Subtraction of Fractions | |
| |
| |
| |
Checkup on Solution of Formulas Involving Fractions (Diagnostic Test) | |
| |
| |
| |
Brushup on Solution of Fractional Equations | |
| |
| |
| |
Total Resistance in a Parallel Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
Total Voltage in a Parallel Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
Division of Current in a Parallel Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Parallel Circuits | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Combination Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction to Combination Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Solving Parallel-Series Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Solving Series-Parallel Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Line Drop | |
| |
| |
| |
Distribution Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
Analysis With Ideal Circuit Elements | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Electric Power | |
| |
| |
| |
Electric Power in Simple Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Total Power in an Electric Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
Solving the Power Formula for Current or Voltage | |
| |
| |
| |
Intermediate Review of Power | |
| |
| |
| |
Squaring Powers of 10 | |
| |
| |
| |
The Exponential Power Formulas | |
| |
| |
| |
Checkup on Square Root (Diagnostic Test) | |
| |
| |
| |
Brushup on Square Root | |
| |
| |
| |
The Square Root of a Power of 10 | |
| |
| |
| |
Applications of the Exponential Power Formula | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Electric Power | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Algebra for Complex Electric Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Combining Like Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
Combining Unlike Terms | |
| |
| |
| |
Solving Simple Algebraic Equations | |
| |
| |
| |
Solving Equations by Transpositions and Cross Multiplication | |
| |
| |
| |
Combining Unlike Terms Involving Signed Numbers | |
| |
| |
| |
Solving Equations Which Have Unknowns and Numbers on Both Sides of the Equality Sign | |
| |
| |
| |
Solving Equations with Possible Negative Answers | |
| |
| |
| |
Removing Parentheses | |
| |
| |
| |
Solving Equations Containing Parentheses | |
| |
| |
| |
Solving Equations Containing Fractions | |
| |
| |
| |
Solving Simultaneous Equations by Addition | |
| |
| |
| |
Solving Simultaneous Equations by Substitution | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Algebra | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Kirchhoff's Laws | |
| |
| |
| |
Kirchhoff's Current Law | |
| |
| |
| |
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Kirchhoff's Laws in Series Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Kirchhoff's Laws in Parallel Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Using Kirchhoff's Laws in Complex Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Kirchhoff's Laws | |
| |
| |
| |
Equivalent Delta and Star Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Thevenin's Theorem | |
| |
| |
| |
Norton's Theorem | |
| |
| |
| |
Review | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Applications of Series and Parallel Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Extending the Range of an Ammeter | |
| |
| |
| |
Reading Ammeters of Extended Range | |
| |
| |
| |
Extending the Range of a Voltmeter | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Meters | |
| |
| |
| |
Voltage Dividers | |
| |
| |
| |
Resistance Measurement by the Voltage-Comparison Method. The Potentiometer Rule | |
| |
| |
| |
Resistance Measurement Using the Wheatstone Bridge | |
| |
| |
| |
Equivalent Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
DC Equivalent Circuits for Self-Biased Transistor Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
DC Equivalent Circuits for Fixed-Bias Transistor Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Transistor Equivalent Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Attenuators | |
| |
| |
| |
Power and Resistor Size | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Efficiency | |
| |
| |
| |
Checkup on Percent (Diagnostic Test) | |
| |
| |
| |
Brushup on Percent | |
| |
| |
| |
Conversion Factors for Electric and Mechanical Power | |
| |
| |
| |
Efficiency of Electric Apparatus | |
| |
| |
| |
Finding the Output and Input of an Electric Device | |
| |
| |
| |
Load Matching for Power Transfer | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Conversion Factors and Efficiency | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Resistance of Wire | |
| |
| |
| |
Checkup on Ratio and Proportion (Diagnostic Test) | |
| |
| |
| |
Brushup on Ratio and Proportion | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Ratio and Proportion | |
| |
| |
| |
The American Wire Gage Table | |
| |
| |
| |
Resistances of Wires of Different Materials | |
| |
| |
| |
Resistances of Wires of Different Lengths | |
| |
| |
| |
Resistances of Wires of Different Areas | |
| |
| |
| |
Resistance of Wires of Any Diameter, Any Length, or Any Material | |
| |
| |
| |
Finding the Length of Wire Needed to Make a Certain Resistance | |
| |
| |
| |
Finding the Diameter of Wire Needed to Make a Certain Resistance | |
| |
| |
| |
Temperature Coefficients of Resistance | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Resistance of Wires | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Size of Wiring | |
| |
| |
| |
Maximum Current-Carrying Capacities of Wires | |
| |
| |
| |
Finding the Minimum Size of Wire to Supply a Given Load | |
| |
| |
| |
Finding the Size of Wire Needed to Prevent Excessive Voltage Drops | |
| |
| |
| |
Temperature and Wire Size | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Size of Wiring | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Trigonometry for Alternating-Current Electricity | |
| |
| |
| |
Trigonometric Functions of a Right Triangle | |
| |
| |
| |
Using the Table of Trigonometric Functions | |
| |
| |
| |
Finding the Acute Angles of a Right Triangle | |
| |
| |
| |
Finding the Sides of a Right Triangle | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Trigonometry | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction to AC Electricity | |
| |
| |
| |
Graphs | |
| |
| |
| |
The Generation of an AC Voltage | |
| |
| |
| |
Instantaneous Values, Maximum Values, and Phase Angles of an AC Wave | |
| |
| |
| |
Effective Value of an AC Wave | |
| |
| |
| |
Measuring Alternating Current with an Oscilloscope | |
| |
| |
| |
Vectors and Phasors | |
| |
| |
| |
The Pythagorean Theorem | |
| |
| |
| |
Power | |
| |
| |
| |
Harmonic Analysis | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Inductance and Transformers | |
| |
| |
| |
Inductance | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Inductance | |
| |
| |
| |
Reactance of a Coil | |
| |
| |
| |
Series Resistance and Inductance | |
| |
| |
| |
Real Inductor Losses and Quality | |
| |
| |
| |
Measuring the Inductance of a Coil | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Coils and Inductance | |
| |
| |
| |
Transmission Lines | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction to Ideal Transformers | |
| |
| |
| |
Current in a Transformer | |
| |
| |
| |
Impedance Changing Using Transformers | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Ideal Transformers | |
| |
| |
| |
Real Transformers | |
| |
| |
| |
Efficiency of a Transformer | |
| |
| |
| |
Real Cables and Power Distribution | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Capacitance | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction to Capacitance | |
| |
| |
| |
Capacitors in Parallel | |
| |
| |
| |
Capacitors in Series | |
| |
| |
| |
Reactance of a Capacitor | |
| |
| |
| |
Current and Voltage in a Capacitor | |
| |
| |
| |
Measurement of Capacity | |
| |
| |
| |
A Real Capacitor | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Capacitance | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Series AC Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Simple Series AC Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Resistance and Capacitance in Series | |
| |
| |
| |
Resistance, Inductance, and Capacitance in Series | |
| |
| |
| |
Series Resonance | |
| |
| |
| |
Finding the Inductance or Capacitance Needed to Make a Series Resonant Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Series AC Circuits | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Parallel AC Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Simple Parallel AC Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Resistance and Inductance in Parallel | |
| |
| |
| |
Resistance, Inductance, and Capacitance in Parallel. The Equivalent Series Circuit | |
| |
| |
| |
Resolution of Phasors | |
| |
| |
| |
Power Filters and Ground Loops | |
| |
| |
| |
Parallel-Series AC Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Series-Parallel AC Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Parallel Resonance | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Parallel AC Circuits | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Alternating-Current Power | |
| |
| |
| |
Power and Power Factor | |
| |
| |
| |
Total Power Drawn by Combinations of Reactive Loads | |
| |
| |
| |
Power Drawn by Combinations of Resistive, Inductive, and Capacitive Loads | |
| |
| |
| |
Power-Factor Correction | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of AC Power | |
| |
| |
| |
Three-Wire Single-Phase 120/240 Circuits | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Three-Phase Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
The Wye Connection | |
| |
| |
| |
The Delta Connection | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Three-Phase Connections | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
| |
Three-Phase Transformer Connections | |
| |
| |
| |
Overview of Three-Phase Transformer Connections | |
| |
| |
| |
Balanced Three-Phase Loads | |
| |
| |
| |
Three-Phase Power from Two Transformers | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
| |
Mathematics for Logic Controls | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
Simple Switches | |
| |
| |
| |
Truth Tables | |
| |
| |
| |
The OR Functions | |
| |
| |
| |
Summary of the Elementary Functions | |
| |
| |
| |
Systems of Elementary Functions | |
| |
| |
| |
Switching Circuit Inverter | |
| |
| |
| |
Relays in Logic Circuits | |
| |
| |
| |
Digital Logic Circuits | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
| |
Signal Distribution | |
| |
| |
| |
Exponentials and Logarithms | |
| |
| |
| |
Review of Exponentials and Logs | |
| |
| |
| |
Bels and Decibels | |
| |
| |
| |
Voltage and Current Forms of the dB Equation | |
| |
| |
| |
Cables and Cable Losses | |
| |
| |
Assessment | |
| |
| |
Solutions to Self-Tests and Reviews | |
| |
| |
Appendix A | |
| |
| |
Color Codes | |
| |
| |
Preferred Values of Components | |
| |
| |
Trigonometric Functions of Decimal Degrees | |
| |
| |
Appendix B | |
| |
| |
Bibliography | |
| |
| |
Answers to Selected Problems | |
| |
| |
Answers to Internet Activities | |
| |
| |
Index | |