Principles of Lake Sedimentology

Name: Principles of Lake Sedimentology
Price: 44.2 USD
Availability: InStock
ISBN: 9781930665545

ISBN-10: 1930665547

ISBN-13: 9781930665545

Edition: 2002

Authors: Lars Hakanson, Mats Jansson

List price: $59.95

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Book details

List price: $59.95
Copyright year: 2002
Publisher: Blackburn Press, The
Binding: Paperback
Pages: 332
Size: 5.75" wide x 8.75" long x 0.75" tall
Weight: 0.990
Language: English

Prologue	p. 1
Lake Types and Sediment Types	p. 5
Lake Classifications	p. 5
Genetic Lake Types	p. 5
Trophic Level Classifications	p. 12
Thermal Lake Types	p. 14
Sediment Classifications	p. 17
Genetic Sediment Types	p. 19
Descriptive Sediment Classifications	p. 22
Lake Type versus Sediment Type	p. 24
Methods of Sampling	p. 32
General Requirements on Sampling Equipment	p. 32
Types of Sampling System	p. 37
Number of Samples	p. 39
The Sample Formula	p. 40
Sampling in Different Environments--Statistical Aspects	p. 43
Sub-Sampling	p. 48
Sediment Traps	p. 53
Physics of Sedimentation in Vessels	p. 53
Geometry of Vessels	p. 56
Practical Aspects	p. 60
Problems with Sediment Traps	p. 61
The Cone Apparatus for in Situ Determination of Sediment Types	p. 62
Methods of Defining Concentrations	p. 65
Sampling of Sediment Pore Water	p. 69
Physical and Chemical Sediment Parameters	p. 73
Physical Parameters	p. 73
Water Content	p. 73
Loss on Ignition (Organic Content)	p. 76
Bulk Density	p. 80
Grain Size	p. 82
Methods of Analysis	p. 82
Grain Size Classifications	p. 84
Statistical Definitions	p. 87
Grain Size Interrelationships	p. 91
Chemical Parameters	p. 95
Elemental Composition	p. 95
Organic Carbon Compounds	p. 98
Humic Compounds	p. 98
Other Organic Substances	p. 100
Minerals in Lake Sediments	p. 101
Carbonates	p. 101
Silicates	p. 104
Iron	p. 107
Phosphorus	p. 108
Sulfides	p. 112
Heavy Metals	p. 113
Biological Parameters	p. 118
Sediment-Living Algae	p. 118
Macrophytes	p. 121
Benthic Invertebrates	p. 122
Important Forms of Benthic Animals	p. 123
Feeding Mechanisms and Food Types Among Insects	p. 127
Distribution of Benthic Fauna Within Lakes	p. 127
Benthic Lake Typologies	p. 131
Bacteria	p. 133
Functional Classification of Bacteria	p. 134
Bacterial Turnover of Important Elements	p. 135
Oxidation and Reduction of Nitrogen Compounds	p. 135
Oxidation and Reduction of Sulfur Compounds	p. 136
Oxidation and Reduction of Iron	p. 138
Fermentation	p. 138
Methane Formation	p. 139
Decomposition of Organic Material--General Concepts	p. 139
Strategies and Methods for Determination of Bacterial Activity	p. 143
The Whole-Lake Approach	p. 143
Bacterial Activity in Experimental Procedures	p. 143
Parameters Reflecting Total Bacterial Activity	p. 145
Factors Reflecting Defined Parts of Bacterial Activity	p. 147
Sedimentation in Lakes and Water Dynamics	p. 148
Physics of Sedimentation in Lakes	p. 148
Geography of Sedimentation in Lakes	p. 156
River-Mouth Areas	p. 157
Delta Sedimentation	p. 157
River Plume Sedimentation	p. 159
The Borderline Between River Action and Wind/Wave Action	p. 164
Open Water Areas	p. 170
Temporal Variations	p. 174
Lake Bottom Dynamics	p. 177
Definitions	p. 177
Processes of Resuspension	p. 181
Entrainment	p. 181
Turbidific Sedimentation	p. 184
Wind/Wave Influences	p. 188
Topographical Influences	p. 194
Methods to Determine Prevailing Bottom Dynamics	p. 200
Lake-Specific Methods	p. 201
The Energy-Topography Formula	p. 201
The Characteristic Water Content Model	p. 202
Site-Specific Methods	p. 204
The ETA-Diagram	p. 205
The Cone Apparatus	p. 206
Sediment Dynamics and Sediment Age	p. 213
Laminated Sediments	p. 213
Bioturbation	p. 218
Introduction	p. 218
Patchiness	p. 219
Areal Patchiness	p. 219
Vertical Patchiness	p. 222
Temporal Patchiness	p. 222
Species-Specific Patchiness	p. 222
Modelling of Bioturbation/Biotransport	p. 224
A Dynamic Model	p. 225
An Empirical Model	p. 232
Sediment Age and Age Determination	p. 237
Methods of Age Determination	p. 237
Lead-210	p. 241
Cesium-137	p. 243
Release of Substances from Lake Sediments--the Example of Phosphorus	p. 244
Background and Presuppositions	p. 244
Factors of Importance for Mobilization of Phosphorus	p. 246
Fractional Distribution of Particulate Phosphorus	p. 246
Redox Conditions	p. 247
pH	p. 248
Microbial Mineralization	p. 249
Equilibrium Reactions	p. 250
Transport Mechanisms	p. 250
Phosphorus in Sediment Pore Water	p. 250
Diffusion	p. 253
Turbulent Mixing/Bottom Dynamics	p. 253
Bioturbation	p. 254
Gas Convection	p. 254
A General View of Phosphorus Release	p. 255
Sediments in Aquatic Pollution Control Programmes	p. 258
Introduction	p. 258
Why Use Sediments?	p. 258
How to Use Sediments	p. 262
Principles of Metal Distribution in Aquatic Systems	p. 263
The Type of Metal and Type of Pollution	p. 264
The "Carrier Particles"	p. 265
The Environmental Characteristics	p. 269
Natural Background Levels	p. 271
The Contamination Factor	p. 273
Case Study--River Kolbacksan	p. 274
The Degree of Contamination	p. 280
Epilogue	p. 283
Table for Student's t-Distribution	p. 285
Computer Programmes in BASIC for Determination of Biotransport, Time Stratification and Sediment Compaction	p. 286
References	p. 295
Subject Index	p. 309
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved.