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| Introduction | |
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| Emergencies | |
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| An overview of disasters and emergencies | |
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| Disasters and emergencies | |
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| Relief and development | |
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| The people in emergencies | |
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| Directly and indirectly affected people | |
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| Refugees and displaced people | |
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| Power relations and vulnerability | |
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| Humanitarian principles and standards | |
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| The Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement--fundamental principles | |
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| Red Cross and Red Crescent/NGO Code of Conduct | |
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| InterAction's PVO standards | |
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| Humanitarian Accountability Project | |
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| The Sphere Project | |
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| The Geneva Conventions and Protocols | |
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| The humanitarian relief system | |
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| Sources of relief | |
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| Government agencies and co-ordination mechanisms | |
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| Co-ordination mechanisms | |
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| Donors | |
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| The United Nations system | |
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| The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement | |
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| NGOs (non-governmental organizations) | |
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| The private sector and research institutions | |
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| Private sector | |
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| Specialist institutions | |
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| Military organizations | |
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| Personal effectiveness | |
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| Who will be effective? | |
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| Personal planning | |
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| Before your assignment | |
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| During your assignment | |
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| After your assignment | |
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| Personal health care | |
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| Stress | |
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| Working with different cultures | |
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| Cultural awareness | |
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| Culture shock | |
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| Issues of conscience | |
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| Publicity and the media | |
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| Personal security | |
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| Situation awareness | |
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| Security strategies | |
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| Acceptance | |
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| Protection | |
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| Deterrence | |
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| Security procedures | |
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| Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) | |
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| Contingencies | |
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| Self-management, teamwork and preparedness | |
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| Self-management | |
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| Teamwork | |
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| Preparation | |
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| Assessment and planning | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Needs and resources | |
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| The assessment process | |
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| Writing an assessment report | |
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| Planning in emergencies | |
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| Planning framework | |
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| Principles and guidelines | |
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| Planning bar charts | |
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| Techniques for the collection and analysis of information | |
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| Interviewing | |
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| Brainstorming | |
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| Direct observation | |
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| Participatory mapping | |
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| Ranking | |
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| Questionnaire surveys | |
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| Refugee profiles, context, activities and resources | |
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| Management | |
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| Management functions, styles and structures | |
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| Functions of management | |
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| Management styles | |
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| Management structures | |
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| Professionalism | |
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| Managing people | |
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| Self-management | |
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| Recruitment | |
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| Motivation | |
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| Working with a large labour force | |
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| Working with host and displaced communities | |
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| Working with colleagues | |
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| Working with contractors | |
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| Information and communication | |
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| Information and record keeping | |
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| Communication | |
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| Meetings | |
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| Negotiation and conflict resolution | |
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| Negotiation | |
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| Conflict resolution | |
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| Office practice | |
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| Filing system | |
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| Office procedures | |
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| Financial management | |
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| Budgeting | |
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| Budget codes | |
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| Monitoring | |
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| Regular accounting | |
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| Security of cash | |
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| Training | |
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| Organizing training | |
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| Training yourself | |
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| Logistics | |
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| Overview of a logistics system | |
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| Procurement | |
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| Specifying | |
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| Ordering | |
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| Purchasing | |
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| Supply and transport | |
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| Freight | |
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| Transport | |
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| Specialist items | |
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| Documentation | |
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| Waybills and Bills of Lading | |
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| Customs: import and export documentation | |
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| Receiving, storing and issuing goods | |
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| Stores management | |
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| Storage of specialist items | |
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| Goods handling equipment | |
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| Telecommunications | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Safety first | |
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| Frequency, wavelength and physical effects | |
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| Radio equipment selection | |
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| VHF (Very High Frequency) radio | |
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| HF (High Frequency) radio | |
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| Antennas | |
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| Satellite communications | |
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| Radio operation | |
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| Legal issues | |
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| Environmental health | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The health of a disaster-affected population | |
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| Environmental health controls | |
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| Establishing an environmental health programme | |
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| Cholera control | |
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| Hygiene promotion | |
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| Environmental sanitation | |
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| Excreta disposal--assessment and planning | |
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| A strategy for action | |
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| Factors to consider | |
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| Excreta--immediate actions | |
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| Control of indiscriminate defecation | |
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| Defecation fields | |
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| Medium-term measures for excreta disposal | |
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| General guidelines for latrines | |
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| Communal latrines | |
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| Pit latrines | |
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| Improvements to existing latrines | |
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| Borehole latrines | |
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| Simple pit latrines | |
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| Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines | |
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| Disposal of sullage and runoff | |
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| Sullage | |
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| Rainfall runoff | |
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| Refuse disposal | |
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| Sources and types of refuse | |
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| Refuse collection | |
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| Refuse disposal methods | |
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| Hospital wastes | |
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| Disposal of the dead | |
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| Cultural practices and needs | |
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| Burial | |
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| Insects and rodents | |
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| Insect control | |
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| Rodent control | |
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| Emergency water supply | |
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| Assessment | |
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| Assessment approach | |
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| Contamination of water sources | |
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| Immediate actions | |
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| Medium- to long-term actions | |
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| The medium term | |
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| The longer term | |
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| Levels of service and local water supplies | |
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| Water quantity and quality | |
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| How much water do people need? | |
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| Drinking water quality | |
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| Water tankering | |
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| Is tankering necessary and viable? | |
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| Organizing tankering | |
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| Water distribution with tankers | |
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| Water source development | |
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| Water source assessment | |
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| Surface water | |
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| Assessment of surface water sources | |
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| Abstraction from surface water sources | |
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| Small dams | |
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| Sand-storage and sub-surface dams | |
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| Groundwater | |
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| Groundwater basics | |
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| Springs | |
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| Wells: location and construction | |
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| Dug wells | |
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| Hand drilled and jetted wells | |
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| Machine drilled boreholes | |
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| Rainwater | |
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| Roof collection | |
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| Ground catchments | |
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| Water storage, treatment and distribution | |
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| Assessment and planning | |
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| Planning strategy | |
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| Stages in a water supply system | |
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| Assessment of treatment and storage requirements | |
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| Operation of a water supply system | |
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| Water storage | |
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| Principal considerations | |
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| Rigid and flexible emergency tanks | |
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| Ground tanks | |
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| Water storage packs | |
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| Ferrocement water tanks | |
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| Improvised water towers | |
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| Domestic water storage | |
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| Tank repairs | |
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| Water tanks in freezing conditions | |
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| Water treatment | |
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| Pre-treatment | |
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| Filtration | |
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| Disinfection | |
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| Chemical dosing equipment | |
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| Packaged water treatment plant | |
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| Desalination | |
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| Water transmission and distribution | |
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| Pipes | |
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| Valves and tapstands | |
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| Pipeline design | |
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| Pumps | |
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| Pump types and applications | |
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| Pumping head, discharge and power | |
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| Pump ratings, head and suction lift | |
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| Pump power and efficiency | |
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| Pump classification and characteristics | |
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| Centrifugal pumps | |
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| General | |
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| Surface mounted centrifugal pump | |
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| Electric submersible centrifugal pump | |
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| Positive displacement pumps | |
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| Helical rotor pumps | |
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| Installation and operation | |
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| Lifting water by hand | |
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| Selection and operation of pumps | |
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| General guidelines on pump installation and maintenance | |
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| Selecting and specifying pumps | |
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| Mechanical plant | |
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| Assessment and planning | |
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| Selection of equipment | |
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| Operation and maintenance | |
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| Internal combustion (IC) engines | |
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| Maintenance of internal combustion engines | |
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| Petrol engines | |
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| Diesel engines | |
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| Compressed air plant | |
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| Compressors | |
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| Compressed air plant for construction work | |
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| Grinding mills | |
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| Belt and shaft drives | |
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| Electrical plant | |
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| Simple electrical systems | |
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| A typical electrical installation | |
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| Safety | |
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| Some basic electrical principles | |
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| Electrical power generation | |
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| Cabling configurations | |
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| Electrical power and power factor | |
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| Generators | |
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| Basic types | |
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| Sizing and specifying generators | |
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| Installation of generators | |
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| Solar power | |
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| Cables | |
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| Electrical protection | |
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| Circuit protection | |
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| Protection of electrical enclosures | |
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| Induction motors | |
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| Sizing motors | |
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| Induction motor starters | |
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| Operating electric motor driven pumps | |
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| Vehicles | |
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| Vehicle selection and specification | |
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| Sources of vehicles | |
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| Vehicle selection | |
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| Vehicle specification | |
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| Trucks | |
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| Tyres | |
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| Vehicle management | |
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| Vehicle administration | |
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| Drivers | |
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| Safety and accident procedures | |
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| Fuel and lubricants | |
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| Vehicle workshops | |
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| Workshop requirements | |
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| Workshop staff | |
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| Spares and stores | |
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| Servicing and maintenance | |
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| Driving techniques and vehicle recovery | |
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| Driving techniques | |
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| Vehicle recovery | |
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| Roads, crossings and airstrips | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Planning improved access | |
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| Choice and design of road | |
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| Assessing existing roads and crossings | |
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| Inspection and inventory | |
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| Local capacity | |
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| Bridge assessment | |
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| Design and construction of unpaved roads | |
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| First considerations | |
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| Planning road construction | |
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| Route selection and clearance | |
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| Drainage and erosion control | |
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| Road building materials | |
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| Earthworks | |
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| Road repair and maintenance | |
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| Crossings | |
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| Choice of crossing | |
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| Culverts | |
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| Fords and drifts | |
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| Small emergency timber bridges | |
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| Prefabricated modular bridges | |
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| Floating bridges and causeways | |
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| Aerial ropeways | |
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| Airstrips | |
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| General | |
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| Temporary airstrip assessment and preparation | |
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| Shelter and built infrastructure | |
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| Shelter in emergencies | |
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| Shelter options | |
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| Blankets and clothing | |
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| Family shelter | |
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| Built infrastructure | |
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| Storage requirements | |
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| Types of storage facilities | |
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| Hospitals, health and feeding centres | |
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| Building construction | |
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| Materials | |
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| Concrete | |
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| Brick, block and mud walls | |
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| Mortar and plaster | |
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| Timber | |
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| Building details | |
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| Damage assessment and building survey | |
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| Damage assessment | |
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| Notes on materials | |
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| Temporary settlements | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Preparedness planning | |
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| Self-settlement | |
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| Moving people | |
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| Site selection | |
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| Selection process | |
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| Site selection criteria and weightings | |
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| Ranking sites | |
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| Temporary settlement planning | |
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| Key principles | |
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| The settlement planning process | |
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| Settlement layout and services | |
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| Settlement management | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Acronyms and abbreviations | |
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| Web sites | |
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| Sphere minimum standards | |
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| Situation report | |
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| Contract documentation | |
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| Water well construction contract guidelines | |
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| Employment contract and job description | |
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| Sanitary survey checklists | |
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| Discharge measurements and estimates | |
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| Aquifer properties and well hydraulics | |
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| Hand augers | |
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| Compressed air tool package for open well construction | |
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| Pipe and hose specifications | |
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| Pipe and hose fittings | |
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| Valves | |
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| Water flow in pipes--head loss data | |
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| Gabions and mattresses | |
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| Anchorages | |
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| Sheers and gyns | |
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| Soil classification, identification and testing | |
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| Temporary support of excavations | |
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| Beam calculations | |
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| Basic engineering surveying and setting out | |
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| Food and nutrition | |
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| Unit conversion tables | |