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| Contributors | |
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| Preface | |
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| The Meritocracy of Stem Cells for Therapy | |
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| References | |
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| Overview of Adult Stem Cell Therapy in Cardiac Disease | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Regenerative Potential of the Native Myocardial Tissue | |
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| Adult Stem Cells | |
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| Other Cell Types | |
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| Homing to Ischaemic Myocardium | |
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| Mechanisms of Cardiac Function Improvement | |
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| Final Comments | |
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| References | |
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| Embryonic Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Potential | |
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| Embryonic Stem Cells | |
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| ES Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes | |
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| Other Animal Models for ES Cell-Based Therapeutics | |
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| Barriers to Successful Use of ES Cell-Based Therapies | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Umbilical Cord Blood Cells for Cardiac Repair | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure | |
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| Myocardial Regeneration and Cell-Based Therapy | |
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| Problems with the Available Cell Sources | |
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| The Rationale for Using UCB Progenitor Cells for Myocardial Repair | |
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| Data from Animal Models | |
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| How Do Cord Blood Cells Repair Ischemic Tissue? | |
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| Ex vivo Expansion | |
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| Immunosuppression and Graft versus Host Disease | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Amniotic Stem Cells | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Amniocentesis | |
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| Differentiated Cells from Amniotic Fluid | |
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| Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Amniotic Fluid | |
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| Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Stem Cell Homing to Injury in Cellular Cardiomyoplasty | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Prelude: Insights from Bone Marrow Transplantation | |
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| Animal Studies | |
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| The Signaling Molecules | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| A Molecular Imaging Perspective on Cardiac Repair with Stem Cells | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Radionuclide Imaging | |
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| Optical Imaging | |
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| Ultrasound | |
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| MRI Imaging | |
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| Intracellular MRI Contrast Agents | |
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| MRI Tracking of Stem Cells in the Heart | |
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| Multimodality | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Marrow Stromal Cells as Universal Donor Cells for Cardiac Regenerative Therapy: Fact or Fancy? | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Maternal-Fetal Cell Microchimerism: A Whisper of the Nature? | |
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| Stem Cell Therapy and Immune Rejection | |
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| Marrow Stromal Cells for Cellular Cardiomyoplasty: An Experimental Study in Porcine/Rat Xenotransplant | |
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| Model Without Immunosuppression | |
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| Mechanisms of MSC Immune Tolerance | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| The Preclinical Basis to Find the Right Choice of Stem Cells for Cardiac Transplantation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Skeletal Myoblasts (SM) | |
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| Bone Marrow Stem Sells | |
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| Cord Blood Cells | |
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| Cardiac Precursor Cells | |
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| Embryonic Stem Cells | |
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| Closing Remarks | |
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| References | |
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| Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells for Treatment of Ischaemic Heart Disease: Background and Experience from Clinical Trials | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Cell Populations | |
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| Selection of Patients | |
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| Administration of the Cells | |
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| Clinical Studies | |
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| Safety | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Skeletal Myoblast Transplantation for Ischemic Heart Failure | |
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| Theoretical and Experimental Basis for the Use of Skeletal Myoblasts | |
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| Update on Clinical Studies | |
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| Remaining Issues | |
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| Economic Issues | |
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| Methodologic Issues | |
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| References | |
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| Myocardial Tissue Regeneration Observed in Stem-Cell Seeded Bioengineered Scaffolds | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Materials and Methods | |
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| Results | |
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| Discussion | |
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| References | |
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| Stem Cells and Heart Valves | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Modes of Failure in Existing Heart Valves | |
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| Embryologic Development of Native Semilunar Valves | |
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| Structure and Function of the Native Semilunar Heart Valves | |
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| Approaches to a Tissue Engineered Heart Valve | |
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| Differentiated and Stem Cells for Tissue Engineered Heart Valves | |
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| Scaffolds: Polymers | |
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| Tissue Formation: Biochemical and Biophysical Pre-Conditioning | |
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| In Vivo Experiments | |
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| Heart Valve Tissue Engineering: Present and Future | |
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| References | |
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| Potential Applications of Combined Stem Cell and Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Infarcted Heart | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Stem Cells for Cellular Cardiomyoplasty | |
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| Gene Therapy for Myocardial Repair | |
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| Combining Cellular Cardiomyoplasty with Gene Delivery | |
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| Cell Based Gene Delivery to Alleviate Cellular Apoptosis | |
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| Cell Based Gene Delivery for Myogenesis and Electromechanical Integration | |
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| Cell Based Gene Delivery for Angiogenesis | |
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| Angiogenesis Using Genetically Engineered Cells | |
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| Future Directions | |
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| References | |
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| Optimal Expansion and Differentiation of Cord Blood Stem Cells Using Design of Experiments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Hematopoiesis | |
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| Design of Experiments | |
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| Results and Discussion | |
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| DOE Application in Stem Cell Bioprocessing | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |