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| Preface | |
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| Consequences and how Nature-Nurture Really Works | |
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| Consequences Everywhere | |
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| Origins and Definitions | |
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| Waltzing Pigeons and Roller-Coaster Fish: Consequences across Species | |
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| Getting Stimulated: Sensory Consequences | |
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| The Spice of Life: Variety as a Consequence | |
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| The Creative Consequence | |
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| Taking Advantage of Variety | |
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| The Positive Side of Problems | |
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| Taking Control | |
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| Consequences and Evolution: The Cause that works Backward | |
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| Dance of the Balloons | |
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| Flexible Instincts | |
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| Songbirds | |
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| Bugs That Learn | |
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| Which Came First? | |
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| The Evolution of Consequences | |
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| Bird Beaks Pointing the Way: How Consequences Lead Evolution | |
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| The Cause That Works Backward | |
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| Genes and Consequences | |
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| Meet Your Genome | |
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| Getting Turned On | |
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| The Genetics of Consequences | |
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| Interactions Everywhere | |
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| What's Inherited-and What Isn't | |
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| Epigenetics: New Kid in the Neighborhood | |
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| Neuroscience and Consequences | |
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| Enrichment on the Brain | |
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| Neurons and Connections | |
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| Rewarding Chemicals: Dopamine and Its Cousins | |
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| Pleasure Centers | |
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| The Sky's the Limit: Neuroplasticity and Real-Life Applications | |
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| There's a Science of Consequences? | |
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| Consequences on Schedule: Simple Principles with Surprising Outcomes | |
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| False Consequences | |
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| Consequences on Schedule | |
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| Work-Based Schedules and the Power of Unpredictability | |
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| Consequences on Time | |
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| Progress and Perseverance | |
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| Making the Most of Schedules | |
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| Schedules Everywhere | |
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| The Dark Side of Consequences | |
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| Shades of Gray | |
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| Feelings | |
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| Choosing Pain | |
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| Aggression | |
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| Making Negatives Work-Positively | |
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| Choices and Signals | |
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| The Matching Game | |
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| So What Can the Matching Law Do? | |
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| Winning Matches | |
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| Getting the Signal | |
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| A Smorgasbord of Signals | |
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| Of Signal Importance | |
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| Pavlov and Consequences: an Essential Partnership | |
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| Compensating Reactions and Drug Tolerance | |
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| Not All in Your Head: The Placebo Effect and Other Mind-Body Surprises | |
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| Getting Emotional | |
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| Value, Anticipation, and Learned Consequences | |
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| Learned and Unlearned | |
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| Observing and Attending | |
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| The Many Roles of Attention | |
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| Not-So-Simple Observations | |
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| Beneath the Radar: Consequences without Awareness | |
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| It's Automatic | |
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| Observing Others | |
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| The Ultimate in Observing: Imitation | |
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| Thinking and Communicating | |
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| Categories Large and Small | |
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| Simple Communication | |
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| The Understanding Animal: Simple Language | |
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| Human Languages and Its Consequences | |
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| Same Word, Different Consequence | |
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| Babble On | |
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| Language Learning in Real Life | |
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| Strictly Private | |
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| Making Up the Rules | |
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| Language and Biology | |
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| Shaping Destinies | |
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| Everyday Consequences | |
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| Creating Rewards | |
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| How We Treat Each Other | |
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| Altruism | |
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| Shaping the Future | |
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| The Challenging Side of Parenting | |
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| What Marriage Can Be | |
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| Real Self-Esteem | |
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| Fighting the Impulse: Self-Control, Anyone? | |
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| Detecting Delays | |
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| The Disappearing Reward | |
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| The Marshmallow and the Kid | |
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| Fighting the Impulse: Using What We Know | |
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| Taking Charge of Weight | |
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| Endangered Species, Undercover Crows, and the Family Dog: Applications for Animals | |
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| Animal Companions | |
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| At the Zoo: Animal Care the Easy Way | |
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| Life at the Zoo | |
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| From Endangered Species to Farm Animals | |
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| Animals That Save Our Lives | |
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| The Rewards of Education and Work | |
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| There are No Shortcuts | |
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| Consequences in Classroom Management | |
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| Maximizing Potential | |
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| Successful Programs | |
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| More on Motivation | |
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| Consequences at Work | |
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| Help for Addiction, Autism, and Other Conditions | |
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| Churchill's "Black Dog": Depression | |
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| Anxiety and Fear | |
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| Getting Unhooked: Addiction | |
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| Autism | |
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| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Drugs or Consequences? | |
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| Brief Notes | |
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| Consequences on a Grand Scale: Society, the Long Term, and the Planet | |
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| Obedience and Disobedience | |
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| Overcoming Prejudice | |