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| Contents | |
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| Preface | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Chromosomal DNA | |
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| The Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids | |
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| Levels of DNA Packaging | |
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| Centromere | |
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| Heterochromatin | |
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| Euchromatin | |
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| Studying Human Chromosomes | |
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| Staining of Chromosomes | |
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| Chromosome Morphology | |
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| DNA Melting Curve | |
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| Chromosome Replication | |
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| General Features | |
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| The Chromosome Replication Process | |
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| DNA Topoisomerases | |
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| The Telomere | |
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| DNA Damage | |
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| DNA Repair | |
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| Clinical Considerations | |
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| Summary of Chromosome Replication Machinery | |
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| Meiosis and Genetic Recombination | |
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| Meiosis | |
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| Genetic Recombination | |
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| The Human Nuclear Genome | |
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| General Features | |
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| Protein-Coding Genes | |
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| RNA-Coding Genes | |
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| Epigenetic Control | |
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| Noncoding DNA | |
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| The Human Mitochondrial Genome | |
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| General Features | |
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| The 13 Protein-Coding Genes | |
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| The 24 RNA-Coding Genes | |
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| Other Mitochondrial Proteins | |
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| Mitochondrial Diseases | |
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| Protein Synthesis | |
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| General Features | |
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| Transcription | |
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| Processing the RNA Transcript into mRNA | |
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| Translation | |
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| Clinical Considerations | |
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| Control of Gene Expression | |
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| General Features | |
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| Mechanism of Gene Expression | |
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| The Structure of DNA-Binding Proteins | |
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| Other Mechanisms of Gene Expression | |
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| The | |
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| The | |
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| Lac Operon | |
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| trp Operon | |
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| Mutations of the DNA Sequence | |
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| General Features | |
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| Silent (Synonymous) Mutations | |
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| Non-Silent (Nonsynonymous) Mutations | |
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| Loss of Function and Gain of Function Mutations | |
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| Other Types of Polymorphisms | |
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| Proto-Oncogenes, Oncogenes, and Tumor-Suppressor Genes | |
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| Proto-Oncogenes and Oncogenes | |
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| Tumor-Suppressor Genes | |
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| Hereditary Cancer Syndromes | |
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| The Cell Cycle | |
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| Mitosis | |
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| Control of the Cell Cycle | |
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| Molecular Biology of Cancer | |
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| The Development of Cancer (Oncogenesis) | |
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| The Progression of Cancer | |
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| Signal Transduction Pathways | |
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| Cell Biology of the Immune System | |
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| Neutrophils (Polys, Segs, or PMNs) | |
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| Eosinophils | |
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| Basophils | |
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| Mast Cells | |
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| Monocytes | |
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| Macrophages (Histiocytes; Antigen-Presenting Cells) | |
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| Natural Killer CD | |
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| B Lymphocyte | |
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| T Lymphocyte | |
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| Immune Response to Exogenous Protein Antigens | |
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| Immune Response to Endogenous Antigens (Intracellular Virus or Bacteria) | |
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| Cytokines | |
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| Cell | |
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| Molecular Biology of the Immune System | |
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| Clonal Selection Theory | |
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| The B Lymphocyte (B Cell) | |
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| The T Lymphocyte (T Cell) | |
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| Clinical Considerations | |
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| Disorders of Phagocytic Function | |
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| Systemic Autoimmune Disorders | |
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| Organ-Specific Autoimmune Disorders | |
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| Molecular Biology Techniques | |
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| Action of Restriction Enzymes | |
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| Electrophoresis | |
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| The Enzymatic Method of DNA Sequencing | |
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| Southern Blotting and Prenatal Testing for Sickle Cell Anemia | |
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| Isolating a Human Gene by DNA Cloning | |
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| Construction of cDNA Library | |
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| Polymerase Chain Reaction | |
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| Producing a Protein from a Cloned Gene | |
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| Site-Directed Mutagenesis and Knockout Animals | |
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| Northern Blot (mRNA) | |
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| Western Blot (Protein) | |
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| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Structure | |
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| Ligase Chain Reaction (LCR) | |
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| Flow Cytometry | |
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| Identification of Human Disease Genes | |
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| General Features | |
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| Identification of a Human Disease Gene Through a Chromosome Abnormality | |
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| Identification of a Human Disease Gene Through Pure Transcript Mapping | |
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| Identification of a Human Disease Gene Through Large Scale DNA Sequencing | |
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| Identification of a Human Disease Gene Through Comparison of Human and Mouse Maps | |
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| Gene Therapy | |
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| Gene Therapy | |
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| Ex Vivo and In Vivo Gene Therapy | |
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| Integration into Host Cell Chromosomes or as Episomes | |
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| Viral Vectors Used in Gene Therapy | |
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| Nonviral Vectors Used in Gene Therapy | |
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| The Genetic Code | |
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| Amino Acids | |
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| Chromosomal Locations of Human Genetic Diseases | |
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| Figure Credits | |
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| Index | |