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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Is ITS? | |
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| ITS Today and Tomorrow | |
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| ITS Training and Education Needs | |
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| Scope of the Book | |
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| Organization of the Book | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Reference | |
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| Fundamentals of Traffic Flow and Control | |
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| Traffic Flow Elements | |
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| Flow-Density Relationships | |
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| Fundamental Diagram of Traffic Flow | |
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| Traffic Flow Models | |
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| Greenshields Model | |
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| Alternative Traffic Flow Models | |
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| Shock Waves in Traffic Streams | |
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| Shock Wave Velocity | |
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| Shock Wave Analysis Example | |
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| Traffic Signalization and Control Principles | |
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| Traffic Signalization Principles | |
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| Actuated Signal Control | |
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| Signal Coordination | |
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| Ramp Metering | |
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| Types of Ramp Control | |
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| Ramp Metering Operational Concept | |
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| Traffic Simulation | |
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| Traffic Simulation Models | |
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| Examples of Traffic Simulation Models | |
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| Basic Guidelines for Applying Simulation Models | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| References | |
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| ITS User Services | |
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| ITS User Services | |
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| ITS User Services Bundles | |
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| Travel and Traffic Management | |
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| Pretrip Travel Information | |
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| En Route Driver Information | |
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| Route Guidance | |
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| Ride Matching and Reservation | |
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| Traveler Services Information | |
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| Traffic Control | |
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| Incident Management | |
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| Travel Demand Management | |
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| Emissions Testing and Mitigation | |
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| Highway-Rail Intersection | |
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| Public Transportation Operations | |
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| Public Transportation Management | |
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| En Route Transit Information | |
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| Personalized Public Transit | |
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| Public Travel Security | |
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| Electronic Payment | |
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| Commercial Vehicles Operations | |
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| Commercial Vehicle Electronic Clearance | |
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| Automated Roadside Safety Inspection | |
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| Onboard Safety Monitoring | |
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| Commercial Vehicle Administrative Processes | |
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| Hazardous Materials Incident Response | |
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| Freight Mobility | |
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| Emergency Management | |
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| Emergency Notification and Personal Security | |
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| Emergency Vehicle Management | |
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| Advanced Vehicle Control and Safety Systems | |
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| Longitudinal Collision Avoidance | |
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| Lateral Collision Avoidance | |
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| Intersection Collision Avoidance | |
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| Vision Enhancement for Collision Avoidance | |
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| Safety Readiness | |
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| Precrash Restraint Deployment | |
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| Automated Highway System | |
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| Information Management | |
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| Maintenance and Construction Management | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Reference | |
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| ITS Applications and Their Benefits | |
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| Freeway and Incident Management Systems | |
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| FIMS Objectives | |
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| FIMS Functions | |
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| Traffic Surveillance and Incident Detection | |
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| Ramp Control | |
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| Incident Management | |
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| Information Dissemination | |
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| Real-World Freeway and Incident Management Systems and Their Benefits | |
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| Advanced Arterial Traffic Control Systems | |
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| Historical Development of Computer Traffic Control Systems | |
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| Adaptive Traffic Control Algorithms | |
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| Real-World Adaptive Traffic Control Systems and Their Benefits | |
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| Advanced Public Transportation Systems | |
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| AVL Systems | |
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| Transit Operations Software | |
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| Transit Information Systems | |
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| Electronic Fare Payment Systems | |
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| Multimodal Traveler Information Systems | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| References | |
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| ITS Architecture | |
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| Regional and Project ITS Architecture | |
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| Why Do We Need an ITS Architecture? | |
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| Concept of Operations | |
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| National ITS Architecture | |
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| User Services and User Service Requirements | |
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| Logical Architecture | |
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| Physical Architecture | |
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| Equipment Packages | |
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| Market Packages | |
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| Proposed Procedure for Developing a Regional ITS Architecture | |
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| Architecture Development Tool | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| References | |
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| ITS Planning | |
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| Transportation Planning and ITS | |
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| Planning and the National ITS Architecture | |
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| Planning for ITS | |
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| Market Package-Based ITS Planning Process | |
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| Traceability-Based ITS Planning Process | |
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| Case Study: Northern Virginia ITS Planning Exercise Using the Traceability-Based Approach | |
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| Integrating ITS into Transportation Planning | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| References | |
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| ITS Standards | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Standard Development Process | |
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| National ITS Architecture and Standards | |
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| ITS Standards Application Areas | |
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| Center-to-Roadside Interface Class | |
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| Center-to-Center (C2C) Applications | |
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| Center-to-Vehicle/Traveler | |
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| Roadside-to-Vehicle | |
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| Roadside-to-Roadside | |
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| NTCIP | |
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| Standards Testing | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| References | |
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| ITS Evaluation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Project Selection at the Planning Level | |
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| Benefit-Cost Analysis | |
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| Relative Rating and Ranking | |
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| Deployment Tracking | |
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| Impact Assessment | |
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| Benefits by ITS Components | |
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| Benefit Estimation Categories | |
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| Evaluation Guidelines | |
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| Evaluation Support Tools | |
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| ITS Deployment Analysis System | |
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| Traffic Simulation Models | |
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| Challenges for ITS Evaluation | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| References | |
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| ITS Challenges and Opportunities | |
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| Mainstreaming ITS | |
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| System Upgrade | |
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| System Integration | |
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| Training Needs | |
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| Funding | |
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| Privacy | |
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| Rulemaking and Compliance | |
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| Resource Sharing | |
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| ITS and National Security | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| References | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Index | |