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Preface | |
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About the Authors | |
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Essay Contributors | |
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Introduction: New Approaches for a New Millennium | |
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The Appearance of Ecosystem Management | |
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How to Use This Book | |
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An Overview and the Flow of the Text | |
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The Conceptual Toolbox | |
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The Landscape Scenarios | |
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The ROLE Model | |
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The ROLE Model Agreement | |
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The Round Lake Ecosystem | |
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The Social and Economic Setting | |
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Special Resources | |
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Special Interests and Issues | |
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SnowPACT | |
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The Snow River Ecosystem | |
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The Social and Economic Setting | |
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People, Places, and Interests | |
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Special Resources | |
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PDQ Revival | |
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The PDQ Ecosystem | |
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The PDQ Region | |
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PDQ Lands and Land Uses | |
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Natural Resources and Issues | |
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Getting a Grip on Ecosystem Management | |
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The Evolution of Natural Resource Management Toward Ecosystem Management | |
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A Comparison of Traditional Management and Ecosystem Management | |
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From Command and Control to Adaptive Ecosystem Management | |
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The Pathology of Natural Resource Management | |
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The Need for Resilience | |
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A Model of Ecosystem Management | |
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A Closer Look at Ecosystem Management | |
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Common Misconceptions About Ecosystem Management | |
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Information, Organizational Behavior, and Command and Control | |
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References and Suggested Readings | |
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Incorporating Uncertainty and Complexity into Management | |
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Sources of Complexity and Uncertainty in Natural Resource Management | |
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Environmental Variation | |
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Biological Variation in Small Populations | |
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Nonindependence of Events and Interactions | |
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Uncertainties in the Human Realm | |
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Dealing with Complexity and Uncertainty | |
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References and Suggested Readings | |
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Ecosystem Management in Policy and Practice | |
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Adaptive Management | |
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Adaptive Management: Another Way to Learn | |
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Active Adaptive Management | |
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The Glen Canyon Dam | |
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Idaho Elk Management | |
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Passive Adaptive Management | |
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The Northwest Forest Management Plan | |
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The North American Waterfowl Plan | |
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Adaptive Management as Documented Trial and Error | |
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Conditions Necessary for Successful Adaptive Management | |
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Ecological Conditions | |
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Socioeconomic Conditions | |
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Institutional Conditions | |
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References and Suggested Readings | |
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The Biological and Ecological Background | |
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Genetic Diversity in Ecosystem Management | |
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What Is Genetic Diversity? | |
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A Look at Heterozygosity | |
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How Is Genetic Diversity Lost? | |
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The Loss of Genetic Diversity in Small Populations | |
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Changes in Patterns of Genetic Diversity Among Populations | |
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The Loss of Allelic Richness | |
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The Role of Genetics in Conservation and Ecosystem Management | |
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References and Suggested Readings | |
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Issues Regarding Populations and Species | |
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The Species | |
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The Roles of Species in Science and Policy | |
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Viewpoints on Species | |
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Connecting Populations and Species to Landscapes | |
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References and Suggested Readings | |
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The Copper River Watershed Project | |
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Populations and Communities at the Landscape Level | |
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Single-Species Management | |
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Extinctions from Deterministic and Stochastic Forces | |
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PVA and MVP | |
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Approaches to MVP Estimation | |
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Some Thoughts on PVA and MVP Estimation | |
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Metapopulations | |
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Spatially Explicit Models | |
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Information Needs for MVP, Metapopulation, and Spatially Explicit Models | |
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Managing for Species Communities | |
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The Species Approach | |
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The Ecological Process Approach | |
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The Landscape Approach | |
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The Role of Monitoring in Each Approach | |
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References and Suggested Readings | |
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The Winyah Bay Focus Area | |
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Landscape-Level Conservation | |
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Habitat Fragmentation | |
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The Loss of Area | |
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An Increase in Edge | |
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Increased Isolation | |
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Mosaic and Matrix | |
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The Landscape Mosaic | |
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The Landscape Matrix | |
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Fragmentation and the Landscape Matrix | |
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References and Suggested Readings | |
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Southern California Natural Community Conservation Planning | |
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Managing Biodiversity Across Landscapes: A Manager's Dilemma | |
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Ecosystems or Species? Coarse-Filter and Fine-Filter Approaches | |
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The Coarse-Filter Approach | |
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The Fine-Filter Approach | |
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Blending Coarse-Filter and Fine-Filter Approaches | |
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Landscape-Level Considerations That Protect Biodiversity and Ecosystems | |
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Area, Shape, and Isolation | |
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Movement Corridors | |
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Working Across Administrative Boundaries | |
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HCPs: Protecting Biodiversity While Promoting Cooperation | |
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References and Suggested Readings | |
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The Malpai Borderlands Group: Building the "Radical Center" | |
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The Human Dimensions | |
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Working in Human Communities | |
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The Success Triangle | |
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Stakeholder Identification and Assessment | |
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Who Is a Stakeholder? | |
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Principles of Stakeholder Involvement | |
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Stakeholder Analysis | |
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Levels of Involvement | |
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Techniques for Stakeholder Involvement | |
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Keys to Successful Collaboration | |
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Three Little Words | |
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References and Suggested Readings | |
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Collaborative Stewardship: Views from Both Sides Now | |
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Strategic Approaches to Ecosystem Management | |
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Characteristics of Strategic Management | |
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A Simple Strategic Management Model | |
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The Inventory | |
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Strategic Thinking | |
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Implementation | |
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Evaluation | |
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The Strategic-Thinking Step | |
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Mission and Mandate | |
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Strategy | |
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Goals | |
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Objectives | |
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Problems and Tactics | |
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Projects | |
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References and Suggested Readings | |
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If All It Took Was Money, Community-Based Conservation Would Be Easy | |
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Evaluation | |
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The Context for Evaluation | |
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Formative Evaluation | |
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Characteristics of Formative Evaluation | |
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Process Evaluation | |
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Assessing Progress | |
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Making Adjustments | |
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Characteristics of Process Evaluation | |
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Summative Evaluation | |
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Characteristics of Summative Evaluation | |
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References and Suggested Readings | |
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Participation in Local Government Land-Use Decisions | |
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A Final Word | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |