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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Thucydides | |
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| History of the Peloponnesian War, 2.40: Pericles' Funeral Oration Plato | |
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| Apology | |
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| Crito | |
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| The Republic | |
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| Book 1 | |
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| Book 2 | |
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| from Book 3 | |
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| from Book 4 | |
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| from Book 5 | |
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| from Book 7 | |
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| Book 8 | |
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| from Book 9 | |
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| Aristotle | |
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| Nicomachean Ethics | |
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| From Book I | |
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| From Book II | |
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| Politics | |
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| Book 1 | |
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| Book 2 | |
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| Book 3 | |
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| Book 4 | |
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| from Book 5 | |
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| from Book 7 | |
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| Niccolo Machiavelli | |
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| The Prince (written in 1513, published 1532) | |
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| Dedication | |
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| Concerning the way to govern cities or principalities which lived under their own laws before they were annexed | |
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| Concerning new principalities which are acquired through one's own arms and ability | |
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| Concerning new principalities which are acquired either through the arms of others or by good fortune | |
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| Concerning those who have obtained a principality through wickedness | |
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| Concerning a civil principality | |
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| Concerning the way in which the strength of all principalities ought to be measured Chapter 11: Concerning ecclesiastical principalities | |
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| Of the different types of troops and mercenaries | |
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| Concerning auxiliary, mixed, and citizen soldiers | |
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| That which concerns a prince on the subject of the art of war | |
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| Concerning things for which men, and especially princes, are praised or blamed Chapter 16: Concerning generosity and miserliness | |
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| Concerning cruelty and mercy, and whether it is better to be loved than feared | |
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| Concerning the way in which princes should keep their word | |
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| That one should avoid being despised and hated | |
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| How a prince should act in order to gain esteem | |
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| Concerning princes' advisors | |
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| How to avoid flatterers | |
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| Why the princes of Italy have lost their states | |
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| Of fortune's power in human affairs, and how to deal with her | |
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| An exhortation to liberate Italy from the barbarians | |
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| Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livius (1512-1517) | |
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| Niccolo Machiavelli to Zanobi Buondelmonte and Cosima Rucellai | |
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| from First Book | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Of the Beginning of Cities in General, and Especially that of the City of Rome Chapter 2: Of the Different Kinds of Republics, and of what Kind the Roman Republic Was from Second Book | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What Nations the Romans Had to Contend Against and with What Obstinacy They Defended their Liberty | |
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| Of the Dangers to which Princes and Republic are Exposed that Employ Auxiliary or Mercenary Troops | |
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| Fortune Blinds the Minds of Men When She Does Not Wish Them to Oppose Her Designs from Third Book | |
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| hoever Desires Constant Success Must Change his Conduct with the Times Thomas HobbesLeviathan (1651) | |
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| The Introduction Part 1: Of Man | |
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| Of Power, Worth, Dignity, Honor, and Worthiness | |
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| Of the Difference of Manners | |
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| Of the Natural Condition of Mankind as Concerning Their Felicity and Misery | |
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| Of the First and Second Natural Laws, and of Contracts | |
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| Of Other Laws of Nature | |
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| Of Persons, Authors, and Things Personated | |
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| Of the Causes, Generation, and Definition of a Commonwealth | |
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| Of the Rights of Sovereigns by Institution | |
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| Of the Several Kinds of Commonwealth by Institution and of Succession to the Sovereign Power | |
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| Of Dominion Paternal and Despotical | |
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| Of the Liberty of Subjects | |
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| Of Civil Laws | |
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| Of Those Things that Weaken or Tend to the Dissolution of a Commonwealth | |
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| Of the Office of the Sovereign Representative | |
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| John Locke | |
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| The Second Treatise of Civil Government (1690) | |
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| Preface | |
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| Book 2 [The Second Treatise] | |
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| From A Letter Concerning Toleration (1689) | |
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| David Hume | |
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| Of the Original Contract (1748) | |
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| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | |
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| Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality Among Men | |
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| Preface | |
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| Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality among Men | |
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| Note [On Good and Evil in Human Life] | |
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| Note [On Human Variety] | |
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| Note [On the Views of John Locke] | |
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| Note [On Humans Living in an Intermediate Stage] | |
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| On the Social Contract or Principles of Political Right (1762) | |
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| Foreword | |
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| Book 1 | |
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| Book 2 | |
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| Book 3 | |
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| Book 4 | |
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| Immanuel Kant | |
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| To Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch (1795) | |
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| "To Perpetual Peace" | |
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| First Section: Which Contains the Preliminary Articles for Perpetual Peace Among Nations (1795) | |
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| Second Section: Which Contains the Definitive Articles for Perpetual Peace Among Nations | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Thomas Jefferson | |
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| The Declaration of Independence [as amended and adopted in Congress], July 4, 1776 | |
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| Alexander Hamilton and James Madison | |
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| The Federalist No. 9 | |
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| The Federalist No. 10 | |
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| The Federalist No. 51 | |
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| The Federalist No. 78 | |
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| Mary Wollstonecraft | |
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| A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects (1792) | |
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| Advertisement | |
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| Introduction | |
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| from Part 1 | |
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| from Chapter 1: The Rights and Involved Duties of Mankind Considered | |
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| from Chapter 2: The Prevailing Opinion of a Sexual Character Discussed | |
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| from Chapter 3: The Same Subject Continued | |
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| from Chapter 4: Observations on the State of Degradation to Which Woman Is Reduced by Various Causes | |
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| from Chapter 5: Animadversions on Some of the Writers Who Have Rendered Women Objects of Pity, Bordering on Contempt | |
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| from Chapter 6: The Effect Which an Early Association of Ideas Has Upon the Character | |
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| from Chapter 9: Of the Pernicious Effects Which Arise from the Unnatural Distinctions Established in Society | |
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| from Chapter 12: On National Education | |
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| from Chapter 13: Some Instances of the Folly Which the Ignorance of Women Generates; with Concluding | |
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| Reflections on the Moral Improvement that a Revolution in Female | |
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| Manners Might Naturally Be Expected to Produce | |
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| Edmund Burke | |
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| from Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) | |
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| from On "Geographical Morality" | |
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| Alexis de Toqueville | |
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| Democracy in America (1835) | |
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| Chapter 5: On the Use that Americans Make of Public Associations in Civil Life | |
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| Chapter 6: Of the Relation between Associations and Newspapers | |
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| Chapter 7: The Relationship between Civil and Political Associations | |
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| Chapter 8: How Americans Combat Individualism with the Principle of Self-Interest | |
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| Rightly Understand | |
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| Sojourner Truth | |
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| Speech Delivered at the Akron, Ohio Convention on Women's Rights, 1851 | |
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| As Reported by the Anti-Slavery Bugle, 21 June 1851 | |
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| As Reported by F.D. Gage for the National Anti-Slavery Standard, 2 May 1863 | |
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| John Stuart Mill | |
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| On Liberty (1859) | |
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| from Chapter 1: Introductory | |
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| from Chapter 2: Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion | |
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| from Chapter 3: On Individuality, as One of the Elements of Well-being | |
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| from Chapter 4: Of the Limits of the Authority of Society Over the Individual | |
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| from Chapter 5: Applications | |
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| Considerations on Representative Government (1861) | |
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| from Chapter 10: Of the Mode of Voting | |
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| Chapter 16: Of Nationality, as Connected with Representative Government | |
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| Utilitarianism (1863) | |
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| from Chapter 2: What Utilitarianism Is | |
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| from Chapter 3: Of the Ultimate Sanction of the Principle of Utility | |
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| from Chapter 5: On the Connection between Justice and Utility | |
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| from The Subjection of Women (1869) | |
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| Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels | |
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| Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts (1844) | |
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| Estranged Labor | |
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| Private Property and Communism | |
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| The German Ideology (1845), A. Ideology in General, German Ideology in Particular | |
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| Theses On Feuerbach (1845) | |
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| The Communist Manifesto (1848) | |
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| Bourgeois and Proletarians | |
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| Proletarians and Communists | |
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| Socialist and Communist Literature | |
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| Position of the Communists in Relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties | |
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| Critique of the Gotha Program (1875) | |
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| Friedrich Nietzsche | |
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| On the Genealogy of Morals (1887) | |
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| from First Essay: Good and Evil, Good and Bad | |
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| from Second Essay: Guilt, Bad Conscience and Related Matters | |
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| V.I. Lenin | |
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| from What is to be Done? (1902) | |
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| W.E.B. Du Bois | |
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| from The Souls of Black Folk (1903) | |
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| "Of Our Spiritual Strivings" | |
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| Simone de Beauvoir | |
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| from The Second Sex (1949) | |
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| Isaiah Berlin | |
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| "Two Concepts of Liberty" (1958) | |
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| Franz Fanon | |
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| from The Wretched of the Earth (1961) | |
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| J�rgen Habermas" | |
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| The Public Sphere" (1962) | |
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| Martin Luther King Jr. | |
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| "Letter from Birmingham Jail" (1963) | |
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| John Rawls | |
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| from A Theory of Justice: Revised Edition (originally published 1971, revised edition 1999) | |
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| The Main Idea of the Theory of Justice | |
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| The Original Position and Justification | |
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| Classical Utilitarianism | |
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| Two Principles of Justice | |
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| Democratic Equality and the Difference Principle | |
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| Fair Equality of Opportunity and Pure Procedural Justice | |
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| Primary Social Goods as the Basis of Expectations | |
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| The Tendency to Equality | |
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| The Veil of Ignorance | |
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| "The Idea of an Overlapping Consensus" (1987) | |
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| Robert Nozick | |
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| from Anarchy, State and Utopia (1974) | |
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| from Chapter 7, "Distributive Justice" | |
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| Michel Foucault | |
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| From Discipline and Punish (1975) | |
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| Michael Sandel | |
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| "The Procedural Republic and the Unencumbered Self" (1984) | |
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| Susan Moller Okin | |
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| from Justice, Gender and Family (1989) | |
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| "Justice as Fairness: For Whom?" | |
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| "Conclusion: Toward a Humanist Justice" | |
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| Iris Young | |
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| from Justice and the Politics of Difference (1990) | |
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| "Displacing the Distributive Paradigm" | |
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| Will Kymlicka | |
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| from Multicultural Citizenship (1995) | |
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| "Justice and Minority Rights" | |
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| Sources/Permission Acknowledgments | |
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| Index | |