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| Preface | |
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| Basic Concepts of Measurement | |
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| Measurement | |
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| Levels of Measurement | |
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| True and Error Scores | |
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| Reliability and Validity | |
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| Measurement Bias | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Probability | |
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| About Formulas | |
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| Basic Definitions | |
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| Defining Probability | |
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| Bayes' Theorem | |
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| Enough Exposition, Let's Do Some Statistics! | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Inferential Statistics | |
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| Probability Distributions | |
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| Independent and Dependent Variables | |
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| Populations and Samples | |
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| The Central Limit Theorem | |
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| Hypothesis Testing | |
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| Confidence Intervals | |
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| p-values | |
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| The Z-Statistic | |
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| Data Transformations | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Descriptive Statistics and Graphic Displays | |
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| Populations and Samples | |
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| Measures of Central Tendency | |
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| Measures of Dispersion | |
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| Outliers | |
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| Graphic Methods | |
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| Bar Charts | |
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| Bivariate Charts | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Categorical Data | |
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| The R�C Table | |
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| The Chi-Square Distribution | |
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| The Chi-Square Test | |
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| Fisher's Exact Test | |
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| McNemar's Test for Matched Pairs | |
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| Proportions: The Large Sample Case | |
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| Correlation Statistics for Categorical Data | |
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| The Likert and Semantic Differential Scales | |
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| Exercises | |
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| The t-Test | |
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| The t Distribution | |
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| The One-Sample t-Test | |
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| The Independent Samples t-Test | |
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| Repeated Measures t-Test | |
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| Unequal Variance t-Test | |
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| Exercises | |
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| The Pearson Correlation Coefficient | |
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| Association | |
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| Scatterplots | |
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| The Pearson Correlation Coefficient | |
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| The Coefficient of Determination | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Introduction to Regression and ANOVA | |
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| The General Linear Model | |
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| Linear Regression | |
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| Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) | |
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| Calculating Simple Regression by Hand | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Factorial ANOVA and ANCOVA | |
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| Factorial ANOVA | |
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| ANCOVA | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Multiple Linear Regression | |
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| Multiple Regression Models | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Logistic, Multinomial, and Polynomial Regression | |
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| Logistic Regression | |
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| Multinomial Logistic Regression | |
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| Polynomial Regression | |
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| Overfitting | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Discriminant Function Analysis | |
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| Factor Analysis | |
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| Cluster Analysis | |
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| Discriminant Function Analysis | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Nonparametric Statistics | |
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| Between-Subjects Designs | |
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| Within-Subjects Designs | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Business and Quality Improvement Statistics | |
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| Index Numbers | |
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| Time Series | |
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| Decision Analysis | |
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| Quality Improvement | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Medical and Epidemiological Statistic | |
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| Measures of Disease Frequency | |
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| Ratio, Proportion, and Rate | |
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| Prevalence and Incidence | |
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| Crude, Category-Specific, and Standardized Rates | |
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| The Risk Ratio | |
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| The Odds Ratio | |
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| Confounding, Stratified Analysis, and the Mantel-Haenszel Common Odds Ratio | |
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| Power Analysis | |
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| Sample Size Calculations | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Educational and Psychological Statistics | |
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| Percentiles | |
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| Standardized Scores | |
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| Test Construction | |
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| Classical Test Theory: The True Score Model | |
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| Reliability of a Composite Test | |
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| Measures of Internal Consistency | |
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| Item Analysis | |
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| Item Response Theory | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Data Management | |
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| An Approach, Not a Set of Recipes | |
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| The Chain of Command | |
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| Codebooks | |
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| The Rectangular Data File | |
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| Spreadsheets and Relational Databases | |
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| Inspecting a New Data File | |
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| String and Numeric Data | |
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| Missing Data | |
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| Research Design | |
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| Basic Vocabulary | |
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| Observational Studies | |
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| Quasi-Experimental Studies | |
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| Experimental Studies | |
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| Gathering Experimental Data | |
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| Example Experimental Design | |
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| Communicating with Statistics | |
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| General Notes | |
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| Critiquing Statistics Presented by Others | |
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| Evaluating the Whole Article | |
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| The Misuse of Statistics | |
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| Common Problems | |
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| Quick Checklist | |
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| Issues in Research Design | |
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| Descriptive Statistics | |
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| Inferential Statistics | |
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| Review of Basic Mathematics | |
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| Introduction to Statistical Packages | |
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| References | |
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| Probability Tables for Common Distributions | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Glossary of Statistical Terms | |
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| Index | |