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About the Author | |
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Preface | |
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Orientations | |
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The Nature of Technology | |
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Defining Technology | |
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Technological Advance and the Image of Progress | |
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Technology as a Metaphor | |
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Technology and Rationality | |
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Technological Determinism | |
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Living in a Technological Society | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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Winners and Losers: The Differential Effects of Technological Change | |
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Technology as a Subversive Force | |
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The Luddities | |
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Neo-Luddism | |
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Whose Technology? | |
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What Technology Can Do-And What It Cannot Do | |
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The Technological Fix | |
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Why Technology Can't Always Fix It | |
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The Appeal of Technocracy | |
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The Technocrat's Delusion | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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The Process of Technological Change | |
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The Sources of Technological Change | |
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Technological Change as a Social Process | |
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The Great Breakthrough | |
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The "D" in R&D | |
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All Together Now | |
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Push and Pull | |
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Belated Demand | |
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Market Economies and Technological Advance | |
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Noneconomic Sources of Technological Advance | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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Scientific Knowledge and Technological Advance | |
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The Historical Separation of Science and Technology | |
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Studies of Contemporary Science-Technology Relationships | |
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How Technology Differs from Science | |
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How Technology Stimulates Scientific Discovery | |
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Indirect Effects of Technology on Scientific Advance | |
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The Commonalities of Science and Technology | |
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The Translation of Science into Technology | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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The Diffusion of Technology | |
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The International Diffusion of Technology | |
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Clever Copyists | |
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Adaptation and Adoption | |
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Learning to Make Steel in Old Japan | |
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Appropriate Technology | |
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Business Firms and Technological Diffusion | |
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A Risky Business | |
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The NIH Syndrome | |
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Efforts to Restrict the Diffusion of Technology | |
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Patents and the Diffusion of Technology | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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How Technology Affects the Health of the Earth and Its Inhabitants | |
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Technology, Energy, and the Environment | |
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Fossil Fuels, Air Pollution, and Climate Change | |
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A Planet under Stress | |
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Is Technology the Problem or the Solution? | |
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Some Technological Fixes of the Past | |
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Alternatives to Fossil Fuels | |
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Doing More with Less | |
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More Miles to the Gallon | |
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Economic Systems, Government Policies, and the Environment | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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Medical Technologies | |
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New Medical Technologies: Choices and Trade-offs | |
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The Case of Kidney Dialysis | |
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Replacing Broken Hearts | |
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Diagnostic Technologies | |
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Medical Technologies and Medical Ethics | |
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New Ways of Making and Sustaining Babies | |
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When Does Life End? When Should It? | |
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Halfway Technologies | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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Genetic Technologies | |
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The Genetic Fix | |
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Discovering Genes and Patenting Them | |
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Bioengineering on the Farm | |
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Genetic Mapping and Screening | |
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Cloning, Present and Future | |
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Stem Cells and Future Therapies | |
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The Ethics of Genetic Intervention | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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Technology and the Transformation w of Work | |
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Work in Nonindustrial Societies | |
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Working with the Earliest Tools | |
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Work and Leisure in Technologically Primitive Societies | |
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Work and the Development of Agriculture | |
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Farming Techniques and Patterns of Work 169 | |
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The Ironies of Progress | |
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Artisan and Craft Work | |
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Guild Organization and Technological Change | |
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Slavery and the Inhibition of Technological Development | |
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The Measurement of Time and Changed Working Patterns | |
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The Clock | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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Technology and Jobs: More of One and Less of the Other? | |
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The Technological Threat in Historical Perspective | |
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A Case for Optimism | |
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How Technology Creates Jobs | |
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The Indirect Effects of New Technologies on Employment | |
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The Machines Aren't Ready to Take Over | |
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Technology, Jobs, and the Changing Structure of the Economy | |
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Technology and the Distribution of Income | |
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Technology, Globalization, and Jobs | |
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Rebounding from Job Losses | |
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Benefits, but Disruption Too | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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Technological Change and Life on the Job | |
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Industrial Production | |
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Machine-Paced Labor | |
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Is Technology to Blame? | |
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Industrial Technology and the Division of Labor | |
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Scientific Management Once Again | |
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Industrial Work and Recent Technological Developments | |
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Technological Change and White-Collar Work | |
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Telework | |
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Smart Technologies and Dumb Jobs? | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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Communication | |
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Printing | |
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The Printing Revolution | |
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Printing and the Expansion of Knowledge | |
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Printing and the Rise of Protestantism | |
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Printing, Literacy, and Social Change | |
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Psychological Effects of Printing | |
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Newspapers | |
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Circulation Wars and the Shaping of Public Opinion | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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The Electronic Media: From the Telegraph to Television | |
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The Invention of Radio | |
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The Origins of Commercial Radio | |
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The Rise of Television | |
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The Federal Government Steps In | |
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Problems of Regulation | |
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The Television-Viewing Public | |
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Violence on Television and Its Consequences | |
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Delivering the News | |
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Television and Politics | |
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Television and Thought | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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The Internet Age | |
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The Birth and Growth of the Internet | |
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E-Mail and the Network Effect | |
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Mobile Communications | |
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More Digital Connections: Social Networks | |
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Social Media and Social Movements | |
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Video Games | |
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The Digital Divide | |
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Intellectual Property | |
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Privacy in the Digital Age | |
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The Electronic Media in Modern Society | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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The Tools of Destruction | |
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Weapons and Their Consequences | |
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Military Technology in the Ancient World | |
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Military Technology and the Feudal Order | |
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New Weapons and the Decline of Feudalism | |
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The Gunpowder Revolution | |
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War and the Centralized State | |
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Technological Change and Naval Culture in the Era of the Battleship | |
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Weapons and the Making of the Modern World | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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The Era of Smart Weapons | |
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Cruise Missiles | |
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Smart Bombs | |
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High-Tech Surveillance | |
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Drones | |
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The Cost of Technological Sophistication | |
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Asymmetrical Warfare | |
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Technology and Terrorism | |
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Cyberterrorism and Cyberattacks | |
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Military Technologies in a Changing World | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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How New Weapons Emerge-And How They May Be Contained | |
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Action and Reaction | |
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Social Structure and the Development of Military Technologies | |
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Organizational Interests and the Air Weapon | |
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Social Revolution and the Enlargement of War | |
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Industrial Technology in the Service of War | |
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Controlling Military Technologies | |
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Historical Attempts to Limit New Weapons | |
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A Successful Example of Arms Control | |
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Gun Control in Old Japan | |
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The Control of Nuclear Weapons | |
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Deterrence, but No More | |
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The Perils of Proliferation | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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The Shaping and Control of Technology | |
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Technology and Its Creators: Who's in Charge of Whom? | |
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Technological Advance and Cultural Lag | |
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Technology, Globalization, and Cultural Convergence | |
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Experts, Expertise, and the Shaping of Technology | |
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Engineers and the Control of Technology 358 Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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Organizations and Technological Change | |
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Technology as a Cause of Organizational Structure | |
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Technology as a Consequence of Organizational Structure | |
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Organizations and New Information Technologies | |
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Interorganizational Relations and Technological Development | |
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Organizations and Technological Innovation | |
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Entrepreneurs and Organizations | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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Governing Technology | |
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Government Actions and the Shaping of Technology | |
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But Is It Really Necessary? | |
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Government Institutions for the Guidance of Technology | |
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Processes | |
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The Democratic Control of Technology | |
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The Challenges of the Future | |
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Questions for Discussion | |
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Notes | |
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Index | |