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Preface | |
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A Macroscopic View of Matter | |
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Viewing the World at Different Scales | |
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Thermodynamics | |
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The Thermodynamic Limit | |
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Thermodynamic Transformations | |
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Classic Ideal Gas | |
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First Law of Thermodynamics | |
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Magnetic Systems | |
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Problems | |
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References | |
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Heat and Entropy | |
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The Heat Equations | |
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Applications to Ideal Gas | |
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Carnot Cycle | |
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Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
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Absolute Temperature | |
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Temperature as Integrating Factor | |
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Entropy | |
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Entropy of Ideal Gas | |
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The Limits of Thermodynamics | |
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Problems | |
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Using Thermodynamics | |
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The Energy Equation | |
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Some Measurable Coefficients | |
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Entropy and Loss | |
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TS Diagram | |
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Condition for Equilibrium | |
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Helmholtz Free Energy | |
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Gibbs Potential | |
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Maxwell Relations | |
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Chemical Potential | |
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Problems | |
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Phase Transitions | |
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First-Order Phase Transition | |
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Condition for Phase Coexistence | |
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Clapeyron Equation | |
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Van der Waals Equation of State | |
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Virial Expansion | |
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Critical Point | |
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Maxwell Construction | |
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Scaling | |
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Nucleation and Spinodal Decomposition | |
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Problems | |
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References | |
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The Statistical Approach | |
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The Atomic View | |
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Random Walk | |
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Phase Space | |
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Distribution Function | |
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Ergodic Hypothesis | |
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Statistical Ensemble | |
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Microcanonical Ensemble | |
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Correct Boltzmann Counting | |
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Distribution Entropy: Boltzmann's H | |
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The Most Probable Distribution | |
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Information Theory: Shannon Entropy | |
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Problems | |
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References | |
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Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution | |
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Determining the Parameters | |
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Pressure of Ideal Gas | |
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Equipartition of Energy | |
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Distribution of Speed | |
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Entropy | |
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Derivation of Thermodynamics | |
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Fluctuations | |
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The Boltzmann Factor | |
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Time's Arrow | |
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Problems | |
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References | |
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Transport Phenomena | |
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Collisionless and Hydrodynamic Regimes | |
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Maxwell's Demon | |
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Nonviscous Hydrodynamics | |
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Sound Wave | |
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Diffusion | |
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Heat Conduction | |
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Viscosity | |
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Navier-Stokes Equation | |
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Problems | |
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References | |
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Canonical Ensemble | |
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Review of the Microcanonical Ensemble | |
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Classical Canonical Ensemble | |
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The Partition Function | |
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Connection with Thermodynamics | |
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Energy Fluctuations | |
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Minimization of Free Energy | |
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Classical Ideal Gas | |
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Problems | |
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Grand Canonical Ensemble | |
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The Particle Reservoir | |
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Grand Partition Function | |
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Number Fluctuations | |
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Connection with Thermodynamics | |
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Parametric Equation of State and Virial Expansion | |
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Critical Fluctuations | |
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Pair Creation | |
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Problems | |
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Noise | |
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Thermal Fluctuations | |
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Nyquist Noise | |
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Brownian Motion | |
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Einstein's Theory | |
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Diffusion | |
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Einstein's Relation | |
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Molecular Reality | |
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Fluctuation and Dissipation | |
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Brownian Motion of the Stock Market | |
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Problems | |
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References | |
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Stochastic Processes | |
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Randomness and Probability | |
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Binomial Distribution | |
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Poisson Distribution | |
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Gaussian Distribution | |
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Central Limit Theorem | |
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Shot Noise | |
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Problems | |
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References | |
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Time-Series Analysis | |
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Ensemble of Paths | |
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Ensemble Average | |
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Power Spectrum and Correlation Function | |
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Signal and Noise | |
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Transition Probabilities | |
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Markov Process | |
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Fokker-Planck Equation | |
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The Monte Carlo Method | |
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Simulation of the Ising Model | |
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Problems | |
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References | |
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The Langevin Equation | |
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The Equation and Solution | |
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Energy Balance | |
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Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem | |
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Diffusion Coefficient and Einstein's Relation | |
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Transition Probability: Fokker-Planck Equation | |
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Heating by Stirring: Forced Oscillator in Medium | |
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Problems | |
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Quantum Statistics | |
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Thermal Wavelength | |
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Identical Particles | |
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Occupation Numbers | |
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Spin | |
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Microcanonical Ensemble | |
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Fermi Statistics | |
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Bose Statistics | |
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Determining the Parameters | |
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Pressure | |
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Entropy | |
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Free Energy | |
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Equation of State | |
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Classical Limit | |
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Problems | |
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Reference | |
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Quantum Ensembles | |
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Incoherent Superposition of States | |
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Density Matrix | |
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Canonical Ensemble (Quantum-Mechanical) | |
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Grand Canonical Ensemble (Quantum-Mechanical) | |
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Occupation Number Fluctuations | |
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Photon Bunching | |
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Problems | |
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References | |
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The Fermi Gas | |
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Fermi Energy | |
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Ground State | |
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Fermi Temperature | |
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Low-Temperature Properties | |
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Particles and Holes | |
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Electrons in Solids | |
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Semiconductors | |
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Problems | |
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The Bose Gas | |
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Photons | |
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Bose Enhancement | |
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Phonons | |
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Debye Specific Heat | |
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Electronic Specific Heat | |
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Conservation of Particle Number | |
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Problems | |
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References | |
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Bose-Einstein Condensation | |
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Macroscopic Occupation | |
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The Condensate | |
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Equation of State | |
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Specific Heat | |
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How a Phase is Formed | |
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Liquid Helium | |
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Problems | |
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References | |
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The Order Parameter | |
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The Essence of Phase Transitions | |
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Ginsburg-Landau Theory | |
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Relation to Microscopic Theory | |
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Functional integration and Differentiation | |
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Second-Order Phase Transition | |
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Mean-Field Theory | |
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Critical Exponents | |
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The Correlation Length | |
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First-Order Phase Transition | |
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Cahn-Hilliard Equation | |
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Problems | |
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References | |
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Superfluidity | |
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Condensate Wave Function | |
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Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking | |
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Mean-Field Theory | |
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Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation | |
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Quantum Phase Coherence | |
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Superfluid Flow | |
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Phonons: Goldstone Mode | |
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Problems | |
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References | |
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Superconductivity | |
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Meissner Effect | |
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Magnetic Flux Quantum | |
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Josephson Junction | |
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DC Josephson Effect | |
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AC Josephson Effect | |
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Time-Dependent Vector Potential | |
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The SQUID | |
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Broken Symmetry | |
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Problems | |
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References | |
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Appendix | |
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Index | |