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| List of Figures | |
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| List of Tables | |
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| List of Acronyms | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| About the Author | |
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| Setting the Stage | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Trend toward Large-Scale, Richly Interconnected Systems | |
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| Why This Book? | |
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| Organization of the Book | |
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| Endnote | |
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| Context and Trends | |
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| Changing the Strategic Environment in the U.S. Department of Defense | |
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| The Imperative to Share Information across Agencies | |
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| Information Sharing to Counter Terrorism | |
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| Other Examples of Information Sharing across Organizational Boundaries | |
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| Enabling Conditions | |
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| Information Technologies Environment | |
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| Improved Performance and Reduced Costs Drive Information Technologies | |
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| Global Information Infrastructure | |
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| Mobile Society, Wireless Lifestyle | |
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| Increased Reliance, Increased Risk | |
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| Institutional Trends: Enterprisewide, Top-Down Perspective | |
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| Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 | |
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| Enterprise Architectures | |
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| Changes to the DoD Requirements Process | |
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| Implications for Systems and Programs | |
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| A Look Ahead | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Concepts and Frameworks | |
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| Mega-System Concepts | |
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| What Is a System? | |
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| Systems as Components of Larger Systems | |
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| What Is a �System-of-Systems?� | |
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| What Differentiates �System-of-Systems� from Similar Terms? | |
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| Mega-Systems | |
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| What Are Mega-Systems? | |
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| Emergence of Mega-Systems | |
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| �Composed� Mega-Systems | |
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| �Designed� Mega-Systems | |
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| �Dynamically Assembled� Mega-Systems | |
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| Summary | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| A Framework for Exploring Mega-Systems | |
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| Basis for the Framework | |
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| Elements of the Basic Framework | |
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| The System Behavior Vector | |
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| The Decision-Making Vector | |
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| The Context or Environment Vector | |
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| Region of Well-Bounded Systems | |
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| Region of Mega-Systems | |
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| Tame versus Wicked Problems | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Engineering and Acquiring Mega-Systems | |
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| What Is Systems Engineering? | |
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| Systems Engineering Process | |
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| Software Engineering Processes | |
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| Emergence of System-of-Systems Engineering | |
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| Mega-System Challenges for Systems Engineers | |
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| Increasing Scope and Complexity | |
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| More Diverse Stakeholders | |
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| Multiple, Often Conflicting, Objectives and Constraints | |
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| Dissimilar Time Scales | |
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| Test and Evaluation Challenges and Constraints | |
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| Vulnerabilities: Expected and Unexpected Negative Effects | |
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| Troubled Large-Scale Systems | |
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| Levels of Systems Engineering | |
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| Enterprise Systems Engineering Profiler | |
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| Quadrants and Dimensions | |
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| Concentric Rings | |
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| Using the Enterprise Systems Engineering Profiler | |
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| Summary | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Case Studies in Engineering Mega-systems | |
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| Introduction to Mega-System Case Studies | |
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| A Note about Case Studies | |
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| Approach to Mega-System Case Studies | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Single Integrated Air Picture | |
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| Motivation: Moving from Independent Systems to a Theater-Wide Integrated Capability | |
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| Standing up a System Engineering Organization | |
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| SIAP System Engineering Process | |
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| Initial Strategy: Incremental Blocks | |
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| Block 0: Demonstration of SIAP System Engineering Process | |
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| Block 1: Taking on Additional Technical Issues for Resolution | |
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| Strategy Shift: From Developing Solutions to Building a Model-Driven Architecture | |
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| Model-Driven Architecture (MDA)� | |
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| Integration into Warfighting Platforms | |
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| Distributed Test Environment: Joint Distributed Engineering Plant (JDEP) | |
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| Organizational Changes | |
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| Building the IABM | |
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| Incremental Configurations | |
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| Demonstration and Test | |
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| Challenges of Weapon System Integration and Synchronization | |
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| Formalizing the SIAP | |
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| Summary | |
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| SIAP Mapping to the Systems Engineering Profiler | |
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| Insights for Engineering Mega-Systems | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Developing the Electronic Product Code Network | |
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| Background | |
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| The Auto-ID Center | |
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| The Vision: An Internet of Things | |
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| Concept and Technologies | |
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| Data Capture Portion | |
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| Intelligent Infrastructure | |
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| RFID Design Process and Implementation | |
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| Architecture and Design | |
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| Business Case Research | |
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| Early Field Tests | |
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| Privacy Pushback | |
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| Release of First EPC Standards | |
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| Transition from Research to Commercialization | |
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| Early Pilots | |
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| Maturation of the EPC Standards | |
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| EPC Adoption | |
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| Summary | |
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| EPCglobal Network Mapping to the Extended Framework | |
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| Insights for Engineering Mega-Systems | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| Observations from the Case Studies | |
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| Case Study Recap | |
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| Observations | |
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| Greater Diversity of Stakeholders and Interests | |
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| Broader Set of Considerations | |
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| Convergence on Critical Infrastructure Standards and Design Tenets | |
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| Requirements | |
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| Discovery Engineering | |
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| Role of Grand Design | |
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| Managing Risk and Uncertainty | |
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| Leadership | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| The Way Ahead | |
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| The Way Ahead | |
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| Emerging Tenets | |
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| Strategic Context: Iterative and Incremental Strategy | |
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| Implementation Context: Agreement on Infrastructure and Design Tenets | |
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| Stakeholder Context: Working to Identify Intersecting Interests | |
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| System Context: Value of Discovery Engineering | |
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| Extensions to Current Practice: Managing Uncertainty | |
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| Matching Practice to Circumstances | |
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| An Emerging View of Systems Engineering as a Continuum of Practice | |
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| Refining the Engineering Tenets: A Way Ahead | |
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| An Emerging View of Next-Generation Practice | |
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| Concluding Thoughts | |
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| Postscript: Profiling a Complex Acquisition Program | |
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| Multiple Purposes of the Study | |
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| Approach | |
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| Tailor the Profiler | |
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| Clarify Sponsor Goals and Objectives | |
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| Develop Interview Protocol | |
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| Conduct the Interviews and Synthesize the Responses | |
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| Conduct Workshops with Key Agency Staff and Leadership | |
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| Review and Assess Agency Business Practices | |
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| Findings | |
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| Role-Specific Profiles | |
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| Site Manager Profile | |
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| Project Manager Profile | |
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| Agency-Wide Profile | |
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| External Stakeholder Profile | |
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| Similarities and Differences in the Agency Profiles | |
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| The Profile as an �Uncertainty Map� | |
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| Recommended Practices for Dealing with Uncertainty | |
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| Characterizing Uncertainty | |
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| Techniques to Deal with Uncertainty | |
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| Environmental Scanning | |
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| Stakeholder Analysis and Management | |
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| Risk Management and Uncertainty Management | |
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| Putting Ideas into Practice | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Endnotes | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |