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Preface to the Third Edition | |
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Preface to the Second Edition | |
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Preface to the First Edition | |
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Authors | |
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Thermodynamics and Phase Diagrams | |
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Equilibrium | |
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Single-Component Systems | |
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Gibbs Free Energy as a Function of Temperature | |
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Pressure Effects | |
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Driving Force for Solidification | |
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Binary Solutions | |
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Gibbs Free Energy of Binary Solutions | |
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Ideal Solutions | |
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Chemical Potential | |
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Regular Solutions | |
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Activity | |
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Real Solutions | |
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Ordered Phases | |
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Intermediate Phases | |
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Equilibrium in Heterogeneous Systems | |
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Binary Phase Diagrams | |
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Simple Phase Diagram | |
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Systems with a Miscibility Gap | |
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Ordered Alloys | |
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Simple Eutectic Systems | |
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Phase Diagrams Containing Intermediate Phases | |
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Gibbs Phase Rule | |
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Effect of Temperature on Solid Solubility | |
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Equilibrium Vacancy Concentration | |
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Influence of Interfaces on Equilibrium | |
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Ternary Equilibrium | |
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Additional Thermodynamic Relationships for Binary Solutions | |
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Computation of Phase Diagrams | |
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Pure Stoichiometric Substances | |
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Solution Phases | |
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Substitutional Solutions | |
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Kinetics of Phase Transformations | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Diffusion | |
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Atomic Mechanisms of Diffusion | |
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Interstitial Diffusion | |
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Interstitial Diffusion as a Random Jump Process | |
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Effect of Temperature-Thermal Activation | |
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Steady-State Diffusion | |
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Nonsteady-State Diffusion | |
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Solutions to the Diffusion Equation | |
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Homogenization | |
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Carburization of Steel | |
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Substitutional Diffusion | |
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Self-Diffusion | |
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Vacancy Diffusion | |
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Diffusion in Substitutional Alloys | |
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Diffusion in Dilute Substitutional Alloys | |
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Atomic Mobility | |
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Tracer Diffusion in Binary Alloys | |
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Diffusion in Ternary Alloys | |
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High-Diffusivity Paths | |
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Diffusion along Grain Boundaries and Free Surfaces | |
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Diffusion along Dislocations | |
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Diffusion in Multiphase Binary Systems | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Crystal Interfaces and Microstructure | |
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Interfacial Free Energy | |
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Solid/Vapor Interfaces | |
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Boundaries in Single-Phase Solids | |
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Low-Angle and High-Angle Boundaries | |
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Special High-Angle Grain Boundaries | |
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Equilibrium in Polycrystalline Materials | |
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Thermally Activated Migration of Grain Boundaries | |
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Kinetics of Grain Growth | |
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Interphase Interfaces in Solids | |
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Interface Coherence | |
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Fully Coherent Interfaces | |
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Semicoherent Interfaces | |
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Incoherent Interfaces | |
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Complex Semicoherent Interfaces | |
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Second-Phase Shape: Interfacial Energy Effects | |
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Fully Coherent Precipitates | |
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Partially Coherent Precipitates | |
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Incoherent Precipitates | |
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Precipitates on Grain Boundaries | |
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Second-Phase Shape: Misfit Strain Effects | |
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Fully Coherent Precipitates | |
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Incoherent Inclusions | |
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Platelike Precipitates | |
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Coherency Loss | |
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Glissile Interfaces | |
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Solid/Liquid Interfaces | |
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Interface Migration | |
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Diffusion-Controlled and Interface-Controlled Growth | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Solidification | |
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Nucleation in Pure Metals | |
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Homogeneous Nucleation | |
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Homogeneous Nucleation Rate | |
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Heterogeneous Nucleation | |
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Nucleation of Melting | |
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Growth of a Pure Solid | |
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Continuous Growth | |
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Lateral Growth | |
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Heat Flow and Interface Stability | |
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Alloy Solidification | |
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Solidification of Single-Phase Alloys | |
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Eutectic Solidification | |
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Off-Eutectic Alloys | |
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Peritectic Solidification | |
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Solidification of Ingots and Castings | |
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Ingot Structure | |
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Segregation in Ingots and Castings | |
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Continuous Casting | |
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Solidification of Fusion Welds | |
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Solidification during Quenching from the Melt | |
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Metallic Glasses | |
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Thermodynamics and Kinetics | |
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Case Studies of some Practical Castings and Welds | |
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Casting of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels | |
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Casting of High-Speed Steels | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Diffusional Transformations in Solids | |
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Homogeneous Nucleation in Solids | |
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Heterogeneous Nucleation | |
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Rate of Heterogeneous Nucleation | |
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Precipitate Growth | |
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Growth behind Planar Incoherent Interfaces | |
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Diffusion-Controlled Lengthening of Plates or Needles | |
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Thickening of Platelike Precipitates | |
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Overall Transformation Kinetics: TTT Diagrams | |
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Precipitation in Age-Hardening Alloys | |
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Precipitation in Aluminum-Copper Alloys | |
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Precipitation in Aluminum-Silver Alloys | |
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Quenched-In Vacancies | |
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Age Hardening | |
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Spinodal Decomposition | |
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Particle Coarsening | |
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Precipitation of Ferrite from Austenite | |
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Case Study: Ferrite Nucleation and Growth | |
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Cellular Precipitation | |
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Eutectoid Transformations | |
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Pearlite Reaction in Fe-C Alloys | |
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Bainite Transformation | |
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Effect of Alloying Elements on Hardenability | |
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Continuous Cooling Diagrams | |
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Fibrous and Interphase Precipitation in Alloy Steels | |
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Rule of Scheil | |
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Massive Transformations | |
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Ordering Transformations | |
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Case Studies | |
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Titanium Forging Alloys | |
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Weldability of Low-Carbon and Microalloyed Rolled Steels | |
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Very Low-Carbon Bainitic Steel with High Strength and Toughness | |
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Very Fine Bainite | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Diffusionless Transformations | |
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Characteristics of Diffusionless Transformations | |
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Solid Solution of Carbon in Iron | |
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Martensite Crystallography | |
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Bain Model of the fcc (???) bct Transformation | |
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Comparison of Crystallographic Theory with Experimental Results | |
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Theories of Martensite Nucleation | |
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Formation of Coherent Nuclei of Martensite | |
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Role of Dislocations in Martensite Nucleation | |
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Dislocation Strain Energy Assisted Transformation | |
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Martensite Growth | |
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Growth of Lath Martensite | |
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Plate Martensite | |
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Stabilization | |
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Effect of External Stresses | |
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Role of Grain Size | |
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Premartensite Phenomena | |
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Tempering of Ferrous Martensites | |
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Case Studies | |
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Carbon and Low-Alloy Quenched and Tempered Steels | |
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Controlled Transformation Steels | |
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TRIP-Assisted Steels | |
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"Shape-Memory" Metal: Nitinol | |
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Exercises | |
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References | |
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Further Reading | |
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Solutions to Exercises | |
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Index | |