| |
| |
| Series Preface: Contemporary Family Perspectives | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| A Transitional Generation | |
| |
| |
| Policies for Women's Equality and Family Weil-Being | |
| |
| |
| Introducing a Theory of Family Policy | |
| |
| |
| Organization of the Book | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Emergence of Family Policy in America | |
| |
| |
| |
| Help for Persons and Families at Risk | |
| |
| |
| Poor People | |
| |
| |
| Women and Children | |
| |
| |
| The Aged and Infirm | |
| |
| |
| Care for the Sick | |
| |
| |
| |
| Public Support of Basic Family Functions | |
| |
| |
| Modernization of Family Functions and the Need for Social Policy | |
| |
| |
| Changes in Family Structure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Social Policies to Support Family Life | |
| |
| |
| Reproduction, Nurturance, and Caregiving | |
| |
| |
| Income Provision | |
| |
| |
| Housing and Residence | |
| |
| |
| Transmission of Ethnic Heritage, Identity, and Citizenship | |
| |
| |
| |
| Public Acceptance of Family Policy | |
| |
| |
| The Exceptional Nature of American Social Policy | |
| |
| |
| Social Movements and Reform Proposals | |
| |
| |
| Changes in Lifestyle and Popular Opinion | |
| |
| |
| The Politics of Finding Common Ground | |
| |
| |
| Developing a Sociology of Family Policy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Defining the Family | |
| |
| |
| The Debate over Family Values | |
| |
| |
| The Conservative Focus on Family Values | |
| |
| |
| The Liberal Position: Family Structure as Adaptation | |
| |
| |
| The Cultural Perspective and Feminist Views | |
| |
| |
| The Changing Demographics of Family Life | |
| |
| |
| Changes in Family Size and Reproductive Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Marriage, Sexual Behavior, and Divorce | |
| |
| |
| Family Composition | |
| |
| |
| Effects of Family Structure | |
| |
| |
| Family-Related Determinants of Well-being | |
| |
| |
| Poverty and Inequality | |
| |
| |
| School Achievement, Emotional Well-being, and Successful Adulthood | |
| |
| |
| Diversity of Outcomes | |
| |
| |
| Policies to Govern Family Formation and Dissolution | |
| |
| |
| Sexual Mores, Courting, and Mating | |
| |
| |
| Marriage and Cohabitation | |
| |
| |
| Old and New Issues in Procreation | |
| |
| |
| Marital Dissolution and Divorce | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Gender Factor | |
| |
| |
| Changing the Division of Work and Family Labor | |
| |
| |
| From Rural to Urban | |
| |
| |
| Postwar Demand for Women Workers | |
| |
| |
| Supply Factors in Married Women's Employment | |
| |
| |
| What about Feminism? | |
| |
| |
| The Second Wave of Feminism | |
| |
| |
| Current Influence of Feminism | |
| |
| |
| The New Complexity of Women's Lives | |
| |
| |
| Women's Two Roles | |
| |
| |
| The Three-Phase Model of Women's Employment | |
| |
| |
| The New Ideal for Women: Multiple Roles | |
| |
| |
| A Variety of Options | |
| |
| |
| Change in Men's Roles | |
| |
| |
| Educations Employment, and Marital Status | |
| |
| |
| Time Use | |
| |
| |
| Masculinity and the Life Course | |
| |
| |
| Emergence of the Worker-Carer Ideal | |
| |
| |
| Change by Age Cohort | |
| |
| |
| Social Class, Race, and the Two-Earner Family | |
| |
| |
| Policy Implications of the Emerging Earner-Carer Ideal | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Reinvention of Caregiving | |
| |
| |
| Trends in Elder Care | |
| |
| |
| Growth of the Elder Population | |
| |
| |
| Retirement Security | |
| |
| |
| Social Services and Long-Term Care | |
| |
| |
| Services to Children and Youth | |
| |
| |
| Child Support and Mothers' Pensions | |
| |
| |
| Childcare and Preschool Education | |
| |
| |
| Child Welfare and Child Protection | |
| |
| |
| Family-Related Health and Disability Services | |
| |
| |
| Family Health Care | |
| |
| |
| Mental Health Services | |
| |
| |
| Provision for Disabilities and Coping with Risk Factors | |
| |
| |
| The Caregiver Workforce | |
| |
| |
| Informal Caregiving | |
| |
| |
| Women and Minorities as Paid Caregivers | |
| |
| |
| Bureaucratic Efficiency versus Personalized Care | |
| |
| |
| Community Care Built on Relationships | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Family Income and Economic Security | |
| |
| |
| The American Income Distribution and Family Needs | |
| |
| |
| Variation in Household Income | |
| |
| |
| Poverty, Wealth, and Inequality | |
| |
| |
| The National Interest in Family Income | |
| |
| |
| Aid to the Poor | |
| |
| |
| Transformation of Old Age and Disability Assistance to SSI | |
| |
| |
| Aid to Dependent Children | |
| |
| |
| In-Kind Subsidies | |
| |
| |
| Impact of Poverty Relief on Poverty Levels | |
| |
| |
| Work-Based Social Insurance and Benefits | |
| |
| |
| Workers' Compensation | |
| |
| |
| Old Age Security and Disability Insurance (Title II) | |
| |
| |
| Unemployment Insurance | |
| |
| |
| Employer-Sponsored Pensions (ERISA) | |
| |
| |
| Adequacy of Income in Retirement | |
| |
| |
| Making Work Pay | |
| |
| |
| Labor Relations, Collective Bargaining, and Wage Improvement | |
| |
| |
| Employee Development and Training | |
| |
| |
| New Strategies: One-Stops, Community Colleges, and Workplace Supports | |
| |
| |
| Income Packaging | |
| |
| |
| Policies for a Family-Friendly Workplace | |
| |
| |
| Equal Opportunity Legislation | |
| |
| |
| Employee Benefit Plans | |
| |
| |
| Culture Change in Work-and-Family Gender Roles | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Housing, Neighborhoods, and Life Chances | |
| |
| |
| A Current Profile of Housing in America | |
| |
| |
| From Rural to Urban | |
| |
| |
| Home Ownership versus Renting | |
| |
| |
| Improvements in Housing Quality | |
| |
| |
| The Mortgage Crisis of 2007-2010 | |
| |
| |
| Evolution of Federal Housing Policy | |
| |
| |
| Overview: Homeownership versus Housing Assistance | |
| |
| |
| Housing through the Depression and World War II | |
| |
| |
| The Postwar Housing Boom, 1949 to 1973 | |
| |
| |
| Community Development Programs, 1974 to 2000 | |
| |
| |
| Lessons on Public Housing and Homeownership since 2000 | |
| |
| |
| Residence, Community, and Social Capital | |
| |
| |
| Housing and Social Class | |
| |
| |
| Suburbanization and the Organization Man | |
| |
| |
| Social Networks and Social Capital | |
| |
| |
| Neighborhoods, Networks, and Life Chances | |
| |
| |
| Impact of Cultural Differences | |
| |
| |
| Influence of Neighborhood Networks | |
| |
| |
| Developmental Consequences of Exposure to Toxic Stress | |
| |
| |
| Neighborhood Initiatives to Strengthen Families and Children | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Family Heritage, Identity, and Citizenship | |
| |
| |
| The Family's Influence in Identity Formation | |
| |
| |
| Two Contrasting Vignettes | |
| |
| |
| Identity Formation in the Face of Stigma | |
| |
| |
| Supportive Networks and Institutions | |
| |
| |
| Family Resources and Parental Authority | |
| |
| |
| Family Socialization Practices | |
| |
| |
| A Descriptive Portrait of American Diversity | |
| |
| |
| The Changing Landscape of Religion in America | |
| |
| |
| Profile of the New Immigrants: Nationality and Race | |
| |
| |
| Changes in Immigration Policy | |
| |
| |
| Major Turning Points in Recent Immigration Law | |
| |
| |
| Understanding the Dynamics of Immigration Flows | |
| |
| |
| Alternative Scenarios for the Future | |
| |
| |
| From Exclusion to Inclusion | |
| |
| |
| Systems Theory and Immigration Policy | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Family, Government, and the Safety Net | |
| |
| |
| Family Policy in the Modern American Welfare State | |
| |
| |
| The Challenge of Modernization | |
| |
| |
| Programs and Policies of Welfare-State Regimes | |
| |
| |
| Institutional Innovations: Bureaucracy and Management | |
| |
| |
| Freedom, Equality, and Social Justice as Touchstone Values | |
| |
| |
| The Nature and Purpose of Family Policy in America | |
| |
| |
| Awakening to Family Policy in America | |
| |
| |
| Defining the Goals of American Family Policy | |
| |
| |
| The Role of Social Movements and Interest Groups | |
| |
| |
| Diversity of Family Forms, Consensus on Family Functions | |
| |
| |
| Creation and Implementation of Family Policy in America | |
| |
| |
| Scientific Studies of Families and Children over Time | |
| |
| |
| Agencies and Workers: The Implementers of Family Policy | |
| |
| |
| Policy Makers: Interest Groups and Lawmakers | |
| |
| |
| Family Values and Family Policy | |
| |
| |
| The Future of American Family Policy | |
| |
| |
| Values: Economic Growth and the Pursuit of Happiness | |
| |
| |
| Institutions: Government Initiatives and Regulatory Reform | |
| |
| |
| Families and Communities as Enablers of Human Potential | |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| List of Tables | |
| |
| |
| Index | |
| |
| |
| About the Author | |