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| Prologue | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| U.S. Schools Failing ELs: A Call for Change | |
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| The Urgency for Change | |
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| The Road We've Traveled Attempting to Teach ELs | |
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| Changing Now | |
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| Addressing the Gap and Helping More ELs Graduate | |
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| A Theory of Change Based on Current Research | |
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| The Theory of Change Assumptions | |
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| Questions and Topics for Discussion | |
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| The ELs | |
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| The Diversity of ELs | |
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| So Many LT-ELs | |
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| Repairing or Avoiding Damage to ELs | |
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| Your Turn! | |
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| Questions and Topics for Discussion | |
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| Tools for Schools: The Framework for Preventing LT-ELs | |
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| Ten Key Factors Leading to Student Success | |
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| Ten Features of School Success and Effective Implementation | |
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| Overview of the Evidence-Based Professional Development Components | |
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| Questions and Topics for Discussion | |
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| Instructional Program Options for ELs | |
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| The Best Program Options to Help ELs | |
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| Questions and Topics for Discussion | |
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| Selecting and Teaching Academic Vocabulary / Discourse | |
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| Selecting Important Words for Each Content Area | |
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| Using Word Categories | |
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| Teaching Vocabulary Before Reading | |
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| Teaching Specificity and Sophisticated Words | |
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| Teaching Cognates and False Cognates | |
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| Teaching Vocabulary During Reading | |
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| Teaching and Assessing Vocabulary On-the-Run | |
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| Vocabulary Learning After Reading | |
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| Debriefing or Metalinguistic and Metacognitive Processing | |
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| Questions and Topics for Discussion | |
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| Reading in the Content Areas | |
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| Obstacles to Overcome in Helping ELs | |
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| Helping Students | |
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| Questions and Topics for Discussion | |
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| Writing Strategies for ELs and Struggling Writers | |
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| Teaching ELs to Read and Write | |
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| Questions and Topics for Discussion | |
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| Engaging ELs via Cooperative Learning and Classroom Management | |
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| Using Cooperative Learning to Help Engage ELs and All Students | |
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| Conditions for Productive Cooperative Learning | |
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| Cooperative Learning and Classroom Management | |
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| Using Cooperative Learning in Content Classes | |
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| A Myriad of Cooperative Learning Strategies | |
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| Questions and Topics for Discussion | |
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| Race to the Top: What Administrators Need to Do | |
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| Creating Change in School With LT-ELs | |
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| Integrating ELs Into Your Plans | |
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| Questions and Topics for Discussion | |
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| How a Middle School Went From Reconstituted to Highest Performing in Two Years: A Principal's Perspective | |
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| Understanding ExC-ELL From the Administrative Point of View | |
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| Value-Added Results Through the ExC-ELL Program | |
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| Cooperative Learning | |
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| Content Area Teachers Teaching Vocabulary | |
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| A Culture of a School Utilizing ExC-ELL | |
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| Creating an ExC-ELL Middle School Atmosphere | |
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| Questions and Topics for Discussion | |
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| Systemic School Reform: Partnering to Ensure EL Success | |
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| Educating ELs | |
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| In Search of Best Practices for ELs | |
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| Changing Inflexible Bureaucracies | |
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| A Matter of Choice and Commitment | |
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| Systemic Partnerships | |
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| Questions and Topics for Discussion | |
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| LT-ELs and Core Standards | |
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| For Elementary Schools: Classroom Instruction | |
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| For Elementary Schools: Structures, Support, and Services | |
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| For Middle and High Schools: Classroom Instruction | |
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| For Middle and High Schools: Structures, Support, and Services | |
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| For Assessing Students on the Standards | |
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| Questions and Topics for Discussion | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |