| |
| |
| |
| Introduction and Overview of Crime and Criminology | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| What is Criminology | |
| |
| |
| What is Crime? | |
| |
| |
| Crime as a Moving Target | |
| |
| |
| Crime as a Subcategory of Social Harms | |
| |
| |
| Beyond Social Construction: The Stationary Core Crimes | |
| |
| |
| Criminality | |
| |
| |
| A Short History of Criminology | |
| |
| |
| The Role of Theory in Criminology | |
| |
| |
| A Brief Word About the Section Readings, Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary | |
| |
| |
| How to Read a Research Article | |
| |
| |
| Readings | |
| |
| |
| The Use and Usefulness of Criminology, 1751-2005: Enlightened Justice and Its Failures | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Categorizing and Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior | |
| |
| |
| The Uniform Crime Reports: Counting Crime Officially | |
| |
| |
| NIBRS: The "New and Improved" UCR | |
| |
| |
| Crime Victimization Survey Data and Their Problems | |
| |
| |
| Areas of Agreement Between the UCR and NCVS | |
| |
| |
| Self-Reported Crime Surveys and Their Problems | |
| |
| |
| What Can We Conclude About the Three Main Measures of Crime in America? | |
| |
| |
| Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Readings | |
| |
| |
| Gender Gap Trends for Violent Crimes, 1980 to 2003: A UCR-NCVS Comparison | |
| |
| |
| |
| Race and the Probability of Arrest | |
| |
| |
| |
| Methamphetamine Use, Self-Reported Violent Crime, and Recidivism Among Offenders in California Who Abuse Substances | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| The Early Schools Of Criminology And Modern Counterparts | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The Classical School | |
| |
| |
| The Rise of Positivism? | |
| |
| |
| Neoclassicism: Rational Choice Theory | |
| |
| |
| Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Readings | |
| |
| |
| An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Crying Shame: The Over-Rationalized Conception of Man in the Rational Choice Perspective | |
| |
| |
| The Economics of Crime | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Social Structural Theories | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The Social Structural Tradition | |
| |
| |
| The Chicago School of Ecology | |
| |
| |
| The Anomie/Strain Tradition | |
| |
| |
| Subcultural Theories | |
| |
| |
| Walter Miller's Focal Concerns | |
| |
| |
| Gangs Today | |
| |
| |
| Policy and Prevention: Implications of Social Structural Theories | |
| |
| |
| Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Readings | |
| |
| |
| Community Correlates of Rural Youth Violence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Social Structure and Anomie | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gangs and Social Change | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Social Process Theories | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Differential Association Theory | |
| |
| |
| Ronald Akers' Social Learning Theory | |
| |
| |
| Social Control Theories | |
| |
| |
| Gottfredson and Hirschi's Low Self-Control Theory | |
| |
| |
| Labeling Theory: The Irony of Social Reaction | |
| |
| |
| Sykes and Matza's Neutralization Theory | |
| |
| |
| Evaluation of Social Process Theories | |
| |
| |
| Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Readings | |
| |
| |
| Social Learning Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Nature of Criminality: Low Self-Control | |
| |
| |
| |
| Social Control in China: Applications of the Labeling Theory and the Reintegrative Shaming Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gender and Crime Among Felony Offenders: Assessing the Generality of Social Control and Differential Association Theories | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Critical Theories: Marxist, Conflict, and Feminist | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The Conflict Perspective of Society | |
| |
| |
| Karl Marx and Revolution | |
| |
| |
| Willem Bonger: The First Marxist Criminologist | |
| |
| |
| Modern Marxist Criminology | |
| |
| |
| Conflict Theory: Max Weber, Power, and Conflict | |
| |
| |
| Situating Conflict Theory in Relation to Marxist and Labeling Theory | |
| |
| |
| Peacemaking Criminology | |
| |
| |
| Feminist Criminology | |
| |
| |
| Anne Campbell's Staying Alive Hypothesis | |
| |
| |
| Evaluation of Critical Theories | |
| |
| |
| Policy and Prevention: Implications of Critical Theories | |
| |
| |
| Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Readings | |
| |
| |
| Marx, Engels, and Bonger on Crime and Social Control | |
| |
| |
| |
| Crime, Punishment, and the American Dream: Toward a Marxist Integration | |
| |
| |
| |
| Patriarchy, Crime, and Justice: Feminist Criminology in an Era of Backlash | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits and Criminal Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The IQ/Crime Connection | |
| |
| |
| Temperament and Personality | |
| |
| |
| Conscience and Arousal | |
| |
| |
| Glen Walters's Lifestyle Theory | |
| |
| |
| The Antisocial Personalities | |
| |
| |
| Evaluation of the Psychosocial Perspective | |
| |
| |
| Policy and Prevention: Implications of Psychosocial Theories | |
| |
| |
| Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Readings | |
| |
| |
| Feeble-Mindedness | |
| |
| |
| |
| Temperament, Environment, and Antisocial Behavior in a Population Sample of Preadolescent Boys and Girls | |
| |
| |
| |
| Psychopathy: Theory, Measurement, and Treatment | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Biosocial Approaches | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Behavior Genetics | |
| |
| |
| Gene/Environment Interaction and Correlation | |
| |
| |
| Behavior Genetics and Criminal Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Evolutionary Psychology | |
| |
| |
| The Evolution of Criminal Traits | |
| |
| |
| The Neurosciences | |
| |
| |
| Reward Dominance and Prefrontal Dysfunction Theories | |
| |
| |
| Evaluation of the Biosocial Perspective | |
| |
| |
| Policy and Prevention: Implications of Biosocial Theories | |
| |
| |
| Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Readings | |
| |
| |
| Behavior Genetics and Anomie/Strain Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neuroimaging Studies of Aggressive and Violent Behavior: Current Findings and Implications for Criminology and Criminal Justice | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Theory Explaining Biological Correlates of Criminality | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Developmental Theories: From Delinquency to Crime to Desistance | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Risk and Protective Factors for Serious Delinquency | |
| |
| |
| Major Developmental Theories | |
| |
| |
| Evaluation of Developmental Theories | |
| |
| |
| Policy and Prevention: Implications of Developmental Theories | |
| |
| |
| Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Readings | |
| |
| |
| Reactive Versus Proactive Antisocial Behavior: Differential Correlates of Child ADHD Symptoms? | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Adolescence-Limited/Life-Course Persistent Theory Antisocial Behavior: What Have We Learned? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Life-Course View of the Development of Crime | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Violent Crimes | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Murder | |
| |
| |
| Forcible Rape | |
| |
| |
| Robbery | |
| |
| |
| Aggravated Assault | |
| |
| |
| Mass, Spree, and Serial Murder | |
| |
| |
| A Typology of Serial Killers | |
| |
| |
| What Causes Serial Killing? | |
| |
| |
| Terrorism | |
| |
| |
| Domestic Violence | |
| |
| |
| Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Readings | |
| |
| |
| Stick-Up, Street Culture, and Offender Motivation | |
| |
| |
| |
| African Americans and Serial Killing in the Media: The Myth and the Reality | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Terrorist Mind I: A Psychological and Political Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Property Crime | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Larceny/Theft | |
| |
| |
| Burglary | |
| |
| |
| Motor Vehicle Theft | |
| |
| |
| Arson | |
| |
| |
| Crimes of Guile and Deceit: Embezzlement, Fraud, and Forgery/Counterfeiting | |
| |
| |
| Cybercrime: Oh What a Tangled World Wide Web We Weave | |
| |
| |
| Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Readings | |
| |
| |
| Sneaky Thrills | |
| |
| |
| |
| Searching a Dwelling: Deterrence and the Undeterred Residential Burglar | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Novelty of "Cybercrime": An Assessment in Light of Routine Activity Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Public Order Crime | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The Scope of the Alcohol/Crime Problem | |
| |
| |
| The Effects of Alcohol and Context on Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Alcoholism: Type I and Type II | |
| |
| |
| Illegal Drugs and Crime | |
| |
| |
| Prostitution and Commercialized Vice | |
| |
| |
| Driving Under the Influence | |
| |
| |
| Gambling | |
| |
| |
| Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Readings | |
| |
| |
| Alcohol Problems and the Differentiation of Partner, Stranger, and General Violence | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Association Between Multiple Drug Misuse and Crime | |
| |
| |
| |
| Juveniles' Motivations for Remaining in Prostitution | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| White-Collar and Organized Crime | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The Concept of White-Collar Crime | |
| |
| |
| Occupational Crime | |
| |
| |
| Causes of Occupational White-Collar Crime: Are They Different? | |
| |
| |
| Corporate Crime | |
| |
| |
| Organized Crime | |
| |
| |
| Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Readings | |
| |
| |
| Criminal Thinking and Identity in Male White-Collar Offenders | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Causes of Organized Crime: Do Criminals Organize Around Opportunities for Crime or Do Criminal Opportunities Create New Offenders? | |
| |
| |
| |
| State Failure, Economic Failure, and Predatory Organized Crime: A Comparative Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Victimology: Exploring the Victimization Experience | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The Emergence of Victimology | |
| |
| |
| Who Gets Victimized? | |
| |
| |
| Victimization in the Workplace and School | |
| |
| |
| Child Molestation: Who Gets Victimized? | |
| |
| |
| Victimization Theories | |
| |
| |
| Is Victimology "Blaming the Victim?" | |
| |
| |
| The Consequences of Victimization | |
| |
| |
| Victimization and the Criminal Justice System | |
| |
| |
| Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Readings | |
| |
| |
| The Criminal and His Victim | |
| |
| |
| |
| Violent Victimization as a Risk Factor for Violent Offending Among Juveniles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Victimological Developments in the World During the Past Three Decades (I): A Study of Comparative Victimology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Victimological Developments in the World During the Past Three Decades (II): A Study of Comparative Victimology | |
| |