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| Preface: An Introduction to the Nature of Human Memory | |
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| Memory: Historical and Current Perspectives | |
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| The Classic Model of Memory: Aristotle | |
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| Empiricism | |
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| Rationalism | |
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| Constructivism | |
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| Computer Models | |
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| The Study of Memory | |
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| Methodology and Research Traditions | |
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| Summary | |
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| Mainstream Foundations: The Associative Model of Memory | |
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| Ebbinghaus: Origins of the Associative Model | |
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| The Verbal Learning Tradition | |
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| List Learning and Serial Recall Curves | |
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| Interference Theory | |
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| Consolidation Theory | |
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| The Classic Associative Tradition | |
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| Interference Theory 1940s-1980s | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Sensory Memory | |
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| The Information Processing Tradition | |
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| Sensory Memory: General Properties | |
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| Masking | |
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| Output Interference | |
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| Echoic Memory | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Verbal Short-Term Memory | |
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| General Properties of Verbal Short-Term Memory | |
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| Codes in Verbal STM | |
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| Word Length | |
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| The Events that Occur When Information Enters Verbal STM | |
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| Forgetting in Verbal STM | |
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| Factors that Eliminate or Diminish Short-Term Forgetting | |
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| Cues and Verbal STM | |
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| Research Into Manipulations that Influence STM Recall | |
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| Models of Verbal Short-Term Memory | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Working Memory | |
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| Attention and Working Memory | |
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| Emergence of the Concept of Working Memory from Short-Term Memory | |
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| Models of Working Memory: Structural Assumptions | |
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| Capacity Theories of Working Memory | |
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| Working Memory as Strongly Activated Content | |
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| Working Memory in ACT | |
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| Loss of Information from WM: Ongoing Research | |
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| A Cueing Model of WM | |
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| WM as Attentional Capacity | |
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| The Genevan View | |
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| Inhibition of Unwanted Material | |
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| Domain-Specific Versus General Capacity Assumptions | |
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| WM and Phenomenological Experience | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Long-Term Memory: Foundations | |
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| Memory Stores | |
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| Spread of Encoding Versus Meaningfulness | |
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| Entry of Information into LTM | |
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| Retrieval of Information from LTM: Cues | |
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| Separate Memory Stores for Different Kinds of Information | |
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| Encoding Specificity | |
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| Single-Stage and Two-Stage Models of Retrieval | |
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| Recognition Memory | |
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| Signal Detection Theory | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Long-Term Memory: Ongoing Research | |
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| Spreading Activation Models | |
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| Propositional Coding: The Representation of Semantic Content | |
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| Secondary Cues, Recursive Processing, and Ecphory | |
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| Cyclical Retrieval/Global Memory Models | |
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| Priming and Spreading Activation Models | |
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| False Memory for Word Items | |
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| Context and Memory | |
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| Output Interference in LTM | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Constructivism | |
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| Constructivism: Basic Tenets | |
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| Bartlett | |
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| Piaget: The Genevan View | |
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| Constructivism in Mainstream Psychology | |
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| Summary | |
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| Memory Change: Alterations in the Components of a Memory | |
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| Postevent Information and Memory Change | |
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| Nonconstructivist Models of Memory Change | |
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| Constructivist Models of Memory Change | |
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| Research Data Relating to Constructivist and Nonconstructivist Models | |
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| Is Incorrect Information Incorporated into the Experienced Memory | |
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| Source Monitering | |
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| Inference and Suggestion in Eyewitness Recollection | |
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| Memory for Faces | |
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| Eyewitness and Investigative Procedures | |
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| Emotion and Eyewitness Testimony | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Long-Term Memory: Higher Order Structures | |
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| Inferences | |
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| Spatial Contexts | |
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| Context Effects: A Thoery of Spatial Relations, Motions, and Constraint | |
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| Mental Models | |
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| Story Schemas | |
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| Schank's Model of Knowledge Structures and Goal-Based Theory | |
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| Kintsch's Model of Prose Comprehension | |
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| Inferences, the Situation Model, and Knowledge Structures: Ongoing Research | |
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| What Inferences are Generated in Natural Text Comprehension? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Autobiographical Memory | |
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| First Recollections | |
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| Causes of Childhood Amnesia | |
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| Fragment Memories | |
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| The Nature of Autobiographical Memory | |
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| Hierarchical Structure in Autobiographical Memory | |
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| Access and Retrieval in Autobiographical Memory | |
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| Accuracy and Distortion in Adult Recall | |
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| Goals, Perspective, and Meaning | |
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| Positive and Negative Affect in Episodic Memory | |
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| The Nature of Flashbulb Memory | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Memory for Images | |
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| The Strength of Visual Memory | |
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| Weakness of Visual Memory | |
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| The Debate Over Coding | |
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| Propositional Versus Analog Codes: The Experimental Research | |
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| Neuroimaging Studies | |
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| Perception and Memory Images: Deployment of the Same Neural Structures | |
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| Kosslyn's Theory of Image Generation | |
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| Eidetic Imagery | |
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| Hypermnesia | |
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| Implicit Memory | |
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| Perceptual and Semantic Priming | |
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| Implicit Memory: Major Issues | |
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| Structural/Activation Theory | |
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| Processing/Episodic Models of Priming | |
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| Unconscious Perception and Priming | |
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| Interference in Implicit Memory | |
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| Implicit Memory as a Separate Memory System | |
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| Priming as Transfer of Processing | |
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| Associative Learning | |
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| Monitoring of Frequency and Temporal Information | |
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| Complex Associative Learning | |
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| Implicit Processing and Emotion | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Traumatic Memory and False Memory | |
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| Memory and PTSD | |
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| Controlled Observational Research | |
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| Repression, Dissociation, and Consolidation Failure | |
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| An Epidemic of Recovered Memories | |
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| Satanic Rituals | |
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| Individuals Accused of Child Abuse | |
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| Recovered Memories: Empirical Findings | |
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| Trauma Associated with Incarceration: Memories of Concentration Camp Survivors | |
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| Memories of Crimes and Disasters | |
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| False Memories in Natural Contexts | |
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| False Memories in Young Children | |
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| Hypnosis and Memory | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Disorders of Memory | |
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| The Amnesic Syndrome | |
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| The Amnesic Syndrome: Theoretical Models | |
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| Deficit in Short-Term Recall | |
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| Frontal Lobe Damage | |
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| Loss of Memory for Selective Information | |
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| Reduplicative Paramnesia and Capgras Syndrome | |
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| Remediation | |
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| Memory and Aging | |
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| Dementia | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Neuroscience and Memory | |
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| The Neuron | |
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| The Human Brain | |
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| Neuroimaging Techniques | |
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| Memory Content and Distributed Processing | |
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| Strcutures that Mediate Memory | |
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| Memory Functions and Brain Structures: Neuroimaging Data | |
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| Storage of Declarative Memory Content: Perceptual Structures | |
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| Function and Location | |
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| Emotion and Memory | |
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| Intermediate Memory | |
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| Afterword | |
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| Why Do We Forget? | |
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| The Status of Information Coded on LTM | |
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| Meaning Codes and Higher Order Structures | |
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| Memory Change | |
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| Memories | |
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| Discussion | |