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Introduction | |
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Relative Ethics or Universal Ethics? | |
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Relative Ethics | |
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Universal Ethics | |
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Cultural Relativism or Ethical Relativism? | |
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Cultural Relativism and Universal Ethics | |
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Ethics and Human Nature | |
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Ethics and Human Rationality | |
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Relative Ethics or Universal Ethics? | |
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Conclusion | |
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Concepts, Theories, and Traditions Introduced in Chapter 1 | |
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Review Questions | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Virtue Ethics | |
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What Are Virtues? | |
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Aristotle, Happiness, and the Virtues | |
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A Developmental Model | |
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Universalism and Relativism Again | |
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Virtue Ethics: a Guide to Good Behavior | |
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Pros and Cons of Virtue Ethics | |
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Conclusion | |
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Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Introduced in Chapter 2 | |
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Concepts, Theories, and Traditions Reviewed in Chapter 2 | |
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Review Questions | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Natural Law Ethics | |
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What Is Natural Law and Where Does It Come From? | |
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The Natural Law and Universal Ethics | |
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Natural Law Ethics and Human Nature | |
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Natural Law Ethics and Virtue Ethics | |
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When Following the Natural Law Is Unclear: Use the Pauline Principle | |
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When Following the Natural Law Is Unclear: Use the Principle of Double Effect | |
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Conclusion | |
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Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Introduced in Chapter 3 | |
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Concepts, Theories, and Traditions Reviewed in Chapter 3 | |
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Review Questions | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Social Contract Ethics | |
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Continuities and Discontinuities with Natural Law Ethics | |
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The Principle of Self-Interest (Ethical Egoism) | |
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The State of Nature | |
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A Contract Involves Cooperation | |
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A Contract Involves Rationality | |
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Common-sense Morality (Properly Understood) | |
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Social Contract Ethics Applied | |
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Conclusion | |
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Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Introduced in Chapter 4 | |
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Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Reviewed in Chapter 4 | |
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Review Questions | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Utilitarian Ethics | |
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Ethics Is Based on Feelings | |
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Is <$$$> Ought: Shorthand for Hume's Theory of Moral Sentiments | |
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Feelings, Utility, and Consequences | |
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Utility and Happiness | |
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Utilitarianism: Relativist or Universalist? | |
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Utility and Equality | |
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Utilitarian Applications | |
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Conclusion | |
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Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Introduced in Chapter 5 | |
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Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Reviewed in Chapter 5 | |
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Review Questions | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Deontological Ethics | |
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Duty-centered Ethics | |
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Ethics of Freedom and Rationality | |
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The Main Deontological Principle: The Categorical Imperative | |
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One Form of the Categorical Imperative: The Principle of Autonomy | |
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Another Form of the Categorical Imperative: The Principle of Universality | |
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Duties Correlate with Rights (Usually) | |
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Deontology: Relativist or Universalist? | |
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Deontological Applications | |
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Conclusion | |
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Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Introduced in Chapter 6 | |
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Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Reviewed in Chapter 6 | |
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Review Questions | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Care Ethics | |
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Ethics Is Based on Feelings | |
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Humans Are Relational Beings | |
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Ethics of Principles | |
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Virtue Ethics and Partiality | |
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Feminine Ethics | |
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Care Ethics: Relativist or Universalist? | |
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Care Ethics Applications | |
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Conclusion | |
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Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Introduced in Chapter 7 | |
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Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions Reviewed in Chapter 7 | |
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Review Questions | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Conclusion: Using the Tools of Ethics | |
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Living Ethical Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions | |
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Ethical Issues, Both Private and Public | |
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Useful Ethical Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions | |
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Ethical Tools Are Not Mechanical Tools | |
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How to Use Ethical Tools | |
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Pitfalls and Practice | |
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Wrap Up | |
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Review Questions | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Ethical Concepts, Principles, Theories, and Traditions | |
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Ethical Principles | |
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Suggested Readings | |
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Metaethics | |
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Select Bibliography | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |