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| List of Tables | |
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| List of Figures | |
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| List of Equations | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Quantifying Archaeology | |
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| Data | |
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| Scales of Measurement | |
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| Nominal level measurement | |
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| Ordinal level measurement | |
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| Interval level measurement | |
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| Ratio level measurement | |
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| The relationship among the scales of measurement | |
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| Validity | |
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| Accuracy and Precision | |
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| Populations and Samples | |
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| Characterizing Data Visually | |
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| Frequency Distributions | |
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| Histograms | |
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| Stem and Leaf Diagrams | |
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| Ogives (Cumulative Frequency Distributions) | |
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| Describing a Distribution | |
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| Bar Charts | |
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| Displaying Data like a Pro | |
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| Archaeology and Exploratory Data Analysis | |
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| Characterizing Data Numerically: Descriptive Statistics | |
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| Measures of Central Tendency | |
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| Mean | |
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| Median | |
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| Mode | |
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| Which measure of location is best? | |
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| Measures of Dispersion | |
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| Range | |
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| Interquartile range | |
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| Variance and standard deviation | |
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| Calculating Estimates of the Mean and Standard Deviation | |
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| Coefficients of Variation | |
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| Box Plots | |
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| Characterizing Nominal and Ordinal Scale Data | |
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| Index of dispersion for nominal data and the index of qualitative variation | |
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| An Introduction to Probability | |
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| Theoretical Determinations of Probability | |
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| Empirical Determinations of Probability | |
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| Complex Events | |
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| Using Probability to Determine Likelihood | |
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| The Binomial Distribution | |
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| The psychic's trick | |
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| Simplifying the binomial | |
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| Probability in Archaeological Contexts | |
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| Putting Statistics to Work: The Normal Distribution | |
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| Hypothesis Testing I: An Introduction | |
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| Hypotheses of Interest | |
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| Formal Hypothesis Testing and the Null Hypothesis | |
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| Errors in Hypothesis Testing | |
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| Hypothesis Testing II: Confidence Limits, the t-Distribution, and One-Tailed Tests | |
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| Standard Error | |
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| Comparing Sample Means to � | |
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| Statistical Inference and Confidence Limits | |
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| The t-Distribution | |
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| Degrees of freedom and the t-distribution | |
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| Hypothesis Testing Using the t-Distribution | |
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| Testing One-Tailed Null Hypotheses | |
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| Hypothesis Testing III: Power | |
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| Calculating � | |
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| Statistical Power | |
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| Increasing the power of a test | |
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| Calculating Power: An Archaeological Example | |
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| Power Curves | |
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| Putting it all Together: A Final Overview of Hypothesis Testing | |
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| Steps to hypothesis testing | |
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| Evaluating common hypotheses | |
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| Analysis of Variance and the F-Distribution | |
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| Model II ANOVA: Identifying the Impacts of Random Effects | |
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| Model I ANOVA: The Analysis of Treatment Effects | |
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| A Final Summary of Model I and Model II ANOVA | |
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| ANOVA Calculation Procedure | |
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| Identifying the Sources of Significant Variation in Model I and Model II ANOVA | |
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| Comparing Variances | |
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| Linear Regression and Multivariate Analysis | |
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| Constructing a Regression Equation | |
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| Evaluating the Statistical Significance of Regression | |
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| Using Regression Analysis to Predict Values | |
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| Placing confidence intervals around the regression coefficient | |
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| Confidence Limits around Y for a Given X<sub>i</sub> | |
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| Estimating X from Y | |
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| The Analysis of Residuals | |
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| Some Final Thoughts about Regression | |
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| Selecting the right regression model | |
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| Do not extrapolate beyond the boundaries of the observed data | |
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| Use the right methods when creating reverse predictions | |
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| Be aware of the assumptions for regression analysis | |
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| You may be able to transform your data to create a linear relationship from a curvilinear relationship | |
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| Use the right confidence limits | |
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| Correlation | |
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| Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient | |
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| The assumptions of Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient | |
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| Spearman's Rank Order Correlation Coefficient | |
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| Some Final Thoughts (and Warnings) about Correlation | |
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| Analysis of Frequencies | |
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| Determining the Source of Variation in a Chi-Square Matrix | |
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| Assumptions of Chi-Square Analysis | |
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| The Analysis of Small Samples Using Fisher's Exact Test and Yate's Continuity Correction | |
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| The Median Test | |
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| An Abbreviated Introduction to Nonparametric and Multivariate Analysis | |
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| Nonparametric Tests Comparing Groups | |
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| Wilcoxon two-sample test | |
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| Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric ANOVA | |
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| Multivariate Analysis and the Comparison of Means | |
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| A review of pertinent conceptual issues | |
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| Two-way ANOVA | |
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| Nested ANOVA | |
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| Factor Analysis and Principal Component Analysis | |
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| Objectives of Principal Component and Factor Analysis | |
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| Designing the Principal Component/Factor Analysis | |
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| Assumptions and Conceptual Considerations of Factor Analysis | |
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| An Example of Factor Analysis | |
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| Factor Analysis vs. Principal Component Analysis | |
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| Sampling, Research Designs, and the Archaeological Record | |
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| How to Select a Sample | |
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| How Big a Sample is Necessary? | |
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| Some Concluding Thoughts | |
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| References | |
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| Areas under a Standardized Normal Distribution | |
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| Critical Values for the Student's t-Distribution | |
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| Critical Values for the F-Distribution | |
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| Critical Values for the Chi-Square Distribution | |
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| Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Two-Sample U-Test | |
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| Index | |