| |
| |
| List of Illustrations | |
| |
| |
| Preface: Why Confucius? | |
| |
| |
| Book Notes | |
| |
| |
| Chronology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Confucius' World and His Life | |
| |
| |
| Confucius' World: Looking Back to a Long, Unified Civilization | |
| |
| |
| The Zhou Dynasty | |
| |
| |
| Ancestors and Spirits | |
| |
| |
| Heaven and the "Choice of Heaven" | |
| |
| |
| The Decline of the Zhou Dynasty and the Rise of the Warring States | |
| |
| |
| The Life of Confucius | |
| |
| |
| Sources | |
| |
| |
| Versions of the Texts | |
| |
| |
| Hagiography, the Pious Stories of Confucius' Life | |
| |
| |
| Scholarly Versions of Confucius' Life | |
| |
| |
| |
| Confucius' Teachings I: The Foundation of a Good Person | |
| |
| |
| Filial Piety | |
| |
| |
| Dutifulness or Loyalty | |
| |
| |
| Honesty and Sincerity | |
| |
| |
| Rightness and Knowledge | |
| |
| |
| Courage | |
| |
| |
| Understanding, Sympathy, Compassion | |
| |
| |
| Humanity | |
| |
| |
| Ritual | |
| |
| |
| The Gentleman | |
| |
| |
| |
| Confucius' Teachings II: The Foundation of a Good Society and Other Topics | |
| |
| |
| Setting Words Right | |
| |
| |
| For the Benefit of the People | |
| |
| |
| Laws | |
| |
| |
| Models | |
| |
| |
| Education without Distinction | |
| |
| |
| Women | |
| |
| |
| The Gods, the Spirits of the Dead, and the Afterlife | |
| |
| |
| The Choice of Heaven and Heaven | |
| |
| |
| Fate | |
| |
| |
| The Way | |
| |
| |
| |
| Terms, and Mozi | |
| |
| |
| Problems with "Schools" and "-isms" | |
| |
| |
| Problems with the Term "Confucianism" | |
| |
| |
| Mozi and Mohism | |
| |
| |
| |
| Opponents | |
| |
| |
| Daoism | |
| |
| |
| The Strategists | |
| |
| |
| The Logicians | |
| |
| |
| Legalism | |
| |
| |
| Others | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mencius | |
| |
| |
| Human Nature is Good | |
| |
| |
| Human Nature and Heaven | |
| |
| |
| Government | |
| |
| |
| Mencius on Confucian Themes | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Xunzi | |
| |
| |
| Human Nature is Evil | |
| |
| |
| Morality is Artificial | |
| |
| |
| Ritual | |
| |
| |
| Government | |
| |
| |
| Language | |
| |
| |
| Heaven | |
| |
| |
| Xunzi on Confucian Themes | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Confucians, "Confucian" Texts, and the Qin Dynasty | |
| |
| |
| Other Confucian Groups | |
| |
| |
| Confucius and "Confucian" Texts | |
| |
| |
| The First Emperor and the Reunification of China | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Han Dynasty, 206 BCE-220 CE | |
| |
| |
| History and Development | |
| |
| |
| The Classics in the Han | |
| |
| |
| The New Text School | |
| |
| |
| The Yin-Yang Theory | |
| |
| |
| Qi | |
| |
| |
| The Five Phases | |
| |
| |
| The Status of Confucius | |
| |
| |
| The Old Text School | |
| |
| |
| Other Confucian Texts in the Han Dynasty | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| From the Han to the Tang Dynasties, 220-907 CE | |
| |
| |
| Buddhism and Its Development | |
| |
| |
| Confucianism from the Han to the Tang Dynasties | |
| |
| |
| Civil Service Examinations and the Imperial Civil Service | |
| |
| |
| The Civil Service | |
| |
| |
| The Status of Confucius in Imperial China | |
| |
| |
| Confucian Temples | |
| |
| |
| Confucius as a God | |
| |
| |
| Confucianism outside of China: Korea, Japan, and Vietnam | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Neo-Confucianism | |
| |
| |
| The Northern and Southern Song Dynasties | |
| |
| |
| Neo-Confucianism | |
| |
| |
| Issues in Neo-Confucianism | |
| |
| |
| Early Neo-Confucian Thinkers | |
| |
| |
| Zhu Xi (1130-1200) and Li Xue, the School of Principle | |
| |
| |
| The School of Mind/Heart | |
| |
| |
| Wang Yangming | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Confucianism and Modernity | |
| |
| |
| The Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911 | |
| |
| |
| Kang Youwei (1858-1927) and the Reform of Confucianism | |
| |
| |
| The May 4th Movement | |
| |
| |
| The Guomindang and the New Life Movement | |
| |
| |
| The Communist Party and the Communist Government | |
| |
| |
| New Confucians | |
| |
| |
| Confucianism as the Foundation of Chinese Culture | |
| |
| |
| Substance/Application | |
| |
| |
| The Confucian Core | |
| |
| |
| Confucianism as Religion | |
| |
| |
| Asian Values | |
| |
| |
| Governments: Taiwan, Singapore, and China | |
| |
| |
| Critics of New Confucianism | |
| |
| |
| New Confucianism's Impact and Importance | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Issues | |
| |
| |
| What is Confucianism? | |
| |
| |
| Democracy | |
| |
| |
| The Emphasis on the Economy | |
| |
| |
| Ritual | |
| |
| |
| Filial Piety | |
| |
| |
| Education | |
| |
| |
| Self-cultivation | |
| |
| |
| Does Confucianism Include Women? Can Confucianism Include Women? | |
| |
| |
| Critics | |
| |
| |
| Is Confucianism a Religion? A Philosophy? Something Else? | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| Glossary of Names and Terms | |
| |
| |
| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| Index | |