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| Preface | |
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| Foundations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| From Darwin to Development | |
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| Development; and Evolutionary Changes in Development | |
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| Development and the Realm of Multicellularity | |
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| What is Evo-Devo? | |
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| Forerunners of Evo-Devo | |
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| Nineteenth-Century Comparative Embryology | |
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| Diverse Antecedents-1900-1980 | |
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| Conclusions from History; Messages for the Present | |
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| The Advent of Evo-Devo in the 1980s | |
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| Broad and Narrow Views of Evo-Devo | |
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| Too Few Laws, Too Many Facts? | |
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| Development, Cells and Molecules | |
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| Analysing the Developing Organism | |
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| Cells and Development: The Basics | |
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| Genes: Structure, Expression and Developmental Function | |
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| Signalling Pathways Within and Between Cells | |
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| Signalling: From Cell to Embryo | |
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| Long-Range Signalling and Developmental Processes | |
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| Natural Populations | |
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| The Ecological Theatre and the Evolutionary Play | |
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| Types of Creature; Types of Population | |
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| Spatial Structure | |
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| Age Structure | |
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| Genetic Structure | |
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| Natural Selection | |
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| Developmental Repatterning | |
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| Mutation and Developmental Repatterning | |
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| Mutation in Terms of Altered DNA Sequence | |
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| Mutation in Terms of Proximate Functional Consequences | |
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| Developmental Repatterning at Molecular and Higher Levels | |
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| Developmental Repatterning at the Level of the Whole Organism | |
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| Developmental Repatterning and Fitness | |
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| Heterochrony | |
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| What is Heterochrony? | |
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| Types and Levels of Heterochrony | |
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| Heterochrony at the Organismic Level | |
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| Heterochrony at the Molecular Level | |
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| Heterochrony and Fitness | |
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| Heterotopy | |
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| What is Heterotopy? | |
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| Heterotopic Processes Involving Left-Right Asymmetry | |
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| Heterotopic Processes Involving the A-P and D-V Axes | |
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| Other Types of Heterotopy | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Heterometry | |
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| What is Heterometry? | |
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| Increasing Relative Size | |
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| Decreasing Relative Size | |
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| Bi-directional Heterometry | |
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| Heterometric Compensation | |
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| Heterotypy | |
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| What is Heterotypy? | |
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| Altered Products of Developmental Genes | |
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| Altered Pigmentation | |
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| Altered Morphology and the Origin of Novelty | |
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| The Origin of New Cell Types | |
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| The Integrative Nature of Repatterning | |
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| Repatterning is a Complex Process | |
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| Different Kinds of Repatterning can Produce a Similar Result | |
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| Compound Repatterning at a Single Level of Organisation | |
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| The Kind of Repatterning can Change Between Levels of Organisation | |
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| Categories and Subcategories of Repatterning | |
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| The Causes of Repatterning | |
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| Mapping Repatterning to Trees | |
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| Pattern, Process, Homology and Trees | |
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| The Origin(s) of Animal Segmentation | |
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| The Vertebrate Fin-to-Limb Transition | |
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| The Origin of Flowers | |
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| General Conclusions on Repatterning and Selection | |
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| The Direction of Evolution | |
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| Adaptation, Coadaptation and Exaptation | |
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| Natural Selection on a Continuously Variable Character | |
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| Natural Selection on Two Characters; and the Idea of an Adaptive Landscape | |
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| Developmental and Functional Coadaptation | |
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| Morphological Geometry and Selection | |
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| Long-term Evolution and Exaptation | |
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| Developmental Bias and Constraint | |
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| A Key Question about Evolution's Direction | |
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| Making Sure the Question is about Processes, not Terminology | |
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| Dependence versus Independence of Different Characters | |
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| Evo-Devo Meets Quantitative Genetics | |
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| Developmental Bias and 'Routine' Evolution | |
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| Developmental Bias and the Origin of Evolutionary Novelties | |
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| Developmental Genes and Evolution | |
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| The Direction of Evolution at the Developmental/Genetic Level | |
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| Developmental Genes: An Overview | |
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| Developmental Genes: Examples | |
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| The Hox Genes | |
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| Gene-Level Forms of Developmental Bias and Coadaptation | |
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| Changes in Regulatory versus Coding Regions of Genes | |
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| Gene Co-option as an Evolutionary Mechanism | |
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| What is Gene Co-option? | |
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| Co-option in the Evolution of Segments and Eyes | |
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| Appendage Evolution and Gene Co-option | |
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| Co-option in the Evolution of Zygomorphic Flowers | |
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| Evolution of the 'Genetic Toolkit' | |
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| Co-option, Exaptation and Developmental Bias | |
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| Developmental Plasticity and Evolution | |
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| Types of Developmental Plasticity | |
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| Discrete Variants: Winged and Wingless Forms of Insects | |
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| Meristic Variation: the Number of Segments in Centipedes | |
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| Continuous Variation: Plant Growth | |
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| Plasticity and Developmental Genes | |
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| The Evolution of Patterns of Plasticity | |
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| The Origin of Species, Novelties and Body Plans | |
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| Is Evolution Scale-dependent? | |
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| Speciation | |
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| The Origin of Novelties | |
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| Body Plans I: Overview | |
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| Body Plans II: the Origin of the Vertebrates | |
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| Body Plans III: the 'Cambrian Explosion' | |
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| The Evolution of Complexity | |
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| Defining Complexity | |
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| The Lack of a 'Law of Increasing Complexity' | |
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| Increases in the Complexity of Adults | |
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| Changes in the Complexity of Life-histories | |
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| Complexity at the Molecular Level | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Key Concepts and Connections | |
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| Introduction: From Original Idea to Mature Scientific Discipline | |
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| A List of The Book's Main Points, and the Emergence of Key Concepts | |
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| How do They Inter-Connect? | |
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| Prospects | |
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| Introduction: From the Present into the Future | |
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| Molecular Evo-Devo | |
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| Integrative Evo-Devo and General Evolutionary Theory | |
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| Wider Challenges | |
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| Glossary | |
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| A Little Bit of History | |
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| Naming of Genes and Proteins | |
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| Geological Time | |
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| Inferring Evolutionary Trees from Comparative Data | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |