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| Contents | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Ecology and ecosystems | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Distribution and abundance | |
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| Unit stocks | |
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| Spacing of organisms | |
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| Population growth and regulation | |
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| Population growth | |
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| Population regulation | |
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| Life history patterns | |
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| Marine ecosystems | |
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| Coastal waters | |
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| Coral reefs and lagoons | |
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| Continental shelves and the open sea | |
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| Human impacts on marine ecosystems | |
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| Habitat modification and loss | |
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| Eutrophication, siltation and heat | |
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| Petroleum, toxic chemicals and solid waste | |
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| Species invasions, introductions, and translocations | |
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| Climate change - the greenhouse effect and global warming | |
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| Ozone depletion | |
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| Assessing and minimizing environmental impacts | |
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| Photosynthetic marine organisms | |
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| Macroalgae - seaweed | |
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| Microalgae - phytoplankton | |
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| Harmful algal blooms | |
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| The flow of energy and material | |
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| Zooplankton | |
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| Daily migrations and the seasonal distribution of plankton | |
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| Food relationships, trophic levels and foodwebs | |
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| Productivity and fisheries | |
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| Primary productivity and yield | |
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| Productivity from fisheries and aquaculture | |
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| Exploited species | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Invertebrates | |
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| Molluscs | |
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| Bivalves - clams and cockles | |
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| Gastropods - sea snails | |
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| Cephalopods - squids and octopuses | |
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| Management measures | |
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| Crustaceans | |
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| Penaeids and carideans - prawns and shrimps | |
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| Nephropidae - clawed lobsters | |
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| Palinuridae - slipper and spiny lobsters | |
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| Brachyuran crabs | |
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| Anomuran crabs | |
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| Management measures | |
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| Other invertebrates | |
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| Holothurians - sea cucumbers | |
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| Echinoids - sea urchins | |
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| Management measures | |
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| Fishes | |
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| Demersal fishes of cooler waters - cods, hakes and haddocks | |
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| Demersal and reef fishes of warmer waters | |
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| Coastal pelagic fishes - clupeoids | |
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| Offshore pelagic fishes - tunas and sharks | |
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| Management measures | |
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| Fishing and fishers | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Fishing gear and methods | |
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| Gleaning, spears and traps | |
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| Hooks and lines | |
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| Stationary nets | |
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| Towed nets and dredges | |
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| Fishers | |
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| Fishing for food | |
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| Fishing for income | |
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| Fishing for recreation | |
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| Effects of fishing | |
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| Effects on target species | |
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| Effects on non-target species | |
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| Effects on the environment and ecosystems | |
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| Stock structure and abundance | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Structure and abundance | |
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| Relative abundance | |
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| Sampling surveys | |
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| Mark-recapture methods | |
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| Depletion methods | |
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| Factors that increase biomass | |
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| Size and growth | |
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| Growth from length-frequency data | |
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| Growth from tagging information | |
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| Growth from hard-part analyses | |
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| Reproduction | |
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| Recruitment | |
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| Factors that decrease biomass | |
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| Age-based catch curves | |
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| Length-based catch curves | |
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| Mortality from mark-recapture data | |
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| Natural mortality | |
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| Stock assessment | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Stock abundance and catches - dynamic production models | |
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| Equilibrium models | |
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| Non-equilibrium models | |
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| Multispecies applications | |
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| Potential yield - rough estimators | |
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| Including growth and mortality | |
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| The effects of growth and mortality on biomass | |
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| The effects of fishing mortality on a single cohort | |
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| Including different year classes; age-structured models | |
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| Virtual population analysis | |
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| The classical yield per recruit model | |
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| The Thompson and Bell model | |
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| Simulation and ecosystem models | |
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| A biomass dynamic simulation model | |
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| An age-structured simulation model | |
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| Ecosystem models | |
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| Risk assessment | |
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| Fisheries management | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The need for fisheries management | |
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| Biological overfishing | |
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| Economic overfishing | |
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| Managers and stakeholders | |
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| Fisheries management authorities | |
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| Co-management in commercial fisheries | |
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| Community-based fisheries management | |
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| The management process | |
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| Management policies and objectives | |
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| Reference points and indicators | |
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| Management plans | |
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| Management actions | |
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| Input controls (on fishing and fishing effort | |
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| Limiting the number of fishing units | |
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| Limiting the efficiency and types of fishing gear | |
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| Minimum mesh sizes and escape gaps | |
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| Output controls (on the catch | |
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| Quotas | |
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| Size limits | |
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| Rejection of females or gravid females | |
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| Controls to protect the ecosystem | |
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| Closures as fisheries management tools | |
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| Compliance and enforcement | |
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| References | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Fisheries symbols and formulae | |
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| Standard deviation and confidence limits | |
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| Correlation and regression | |
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| Least squares | |
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| Collection of length-frequency data | |
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| Bhattacharya plots | |
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| Statistical tables | |
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| Glossary of terms | |
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| Index | |