| |
| |
| List of Boxes, Tables and Figures | |
| |
| |
| Preface and Acknowledgements | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Study of Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Why Study Electoral Systems? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classifying Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conflicting Views on the Meaning of 'Representation' | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Single-Member Plurality System and its Cousins | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Single-Member Plurality System in Practice | |
| |
| |
| |
| Britain's Long Road to Electoral Reform | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Electoral Reform Debate in Other SMP Countries | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Plurality Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Majority Electoral Systems: Two-Round Systems and the Alternative Vote | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Two-Round System | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Alternative Vote System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Assessing Majority Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| The List Systems of Proportional Representation | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Origins of List PR Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electoral Formulas: Largest Remainders and Highest Averages | |
| |
| |
| |
| District Magnitude: Constituency Size and Multi-Tier Districting | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ballot Structure: Closed, Ordered and Open Lists | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Operation of the List PR System in the Netherlands | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mixed-Member Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Operation of Germany's Mixed-Member Electoral System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Proportionality, Parties and Politics in Germany | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other Mixed-Member Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Single Transferable Vote System of Proportional Representation | |
| |
| |
| |
| STV in Ireland | |
| |
| |
| |
| How STV Works | |
| |
| |
| |
| Variations in STV Design | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Consequences of STV for the Political System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Consequences of Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Proportionality Profiles of Different Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electoral Systems and Party Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Parliament as a'Microcosm'? | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Strategic Effects of Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Politics of Electoral System Design | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Origins of Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Reform of Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Explaining the Origins and Reform of Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Political Scientists as Electoral Engineers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measuring Voter Attitudes towards Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electoral Systems and Electoral Institutions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Built-in Distortions to Electoral Systems | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reform of Election Management | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electoral Systems and Stability | |
| |
| |
| |
| PR and Government Stability and Accountability | |
| |
| |
| |
| PR and the Rise of Extremist Parties | |
| |
| |
| |
| System Complexity, Voter Confusion and Electoral Behaviour | |
| |
| |
| |
| Is There a Trade-Off between Proportionality and Stability? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conclusion | |
| |
| |
| Appendix Tables | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Notes | |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| Index | |